ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Drug shrinks brain tumors in children with tuberous sclerosis complex, study suggests
• Migraine-associated brain changes not related to impaired cognition
• Stem cell finding could advance immunotherapy for lung cancer
• A smoker's license: Too radical for tobacco control?
• Early changes in liver function could indicate life-threatening infection
• Hormone affects distance men keep from unknown women they find attractive: Oxytocin may promote fidelity
• Scientists question designation of some emerging diseases
• Teenagers' brains affected by preterm birth
• Genetic variation may modify associations between low vitamin D levels and adverse health outcomes
• Meditation may reduce death, heart attack and stroke in heart patients
• Injectable formulation of malaria parasites achieve controlled infection
• Experts report one of two remaining types of polio virus may be eliminated in Pakistan
• Increasing efficiency of wireless networks: New method could have broad impacts on mobile Internet and wireless industries
• Total solar eclipse, Nov. 13, 2012: Hinode to support ground-based observations
• Roots of deadly 2010 India flood identified; Findings could improve warnings
• Road to language learning is iconic
• Defibrillator with less of a shock
• Uranium exposure linked to increased lupus rate
• For brain tumors, origins matter
• New type of bacterial protection found within cells: Novel immune system response to infections discovered
• Link between obesity and dental health in homeless children strengthened
• Being neurotic, and conscientious, a good combo for health
• High exposure to food-borne toxins: Preschool children particularly vulnerable to compounds linked to cancer, other conditions
• Fantasy-reality confusion a primary cause of childhood nighttime fears
• Fast food menu options double: Calorie counts remain high
• Warming temperatures will change Greenland's face, experts predict
• Glutamate neurotransmission system may be involved with depression risk
• It pays to cooperate: Yeast cells that share food have survival edge over freeloading neighbors
• Childhood abuse leads to poor adult health
• Injectable sponge delivers drugs, cells, and structure
• Targeting downstream proteins in cancer-causing pathway shows promise in cell, animal model
• Natural product produced by marine algae shows promise in stroke recovery treatment
• Even low-level radioactivity is damaging, scientists conclude
• Vitamin D may prevent clogged arteries in diabetics
• Principal plays surprising role in why new teachers quit
• Discovering how stomach cancer spreads
• Naïve fish: Easy targets for spear fishers
• Second most common infection in the U.S. proving harder to treat with current antibiotics
• Computer memory could increase fivefold from advances in self-assembling polymers
• Human eye gives researchers visionary design for new, more natural lens technology
• Sperm length variation is not a good sign for fertility
• Turbo-charged gut hormones: Doubling down against diabetes
• 'Man on Fire Syndrome': In a world of chronic pain, individual treatment possible, research shows
• Autism treatment: Metal-binding agent applied to the skin is not absorbed and is therefore ineffective
• How do cells tell time? Scientists develop single-cell imaging to watch the cell clock
• Supersymmetry squeezed as Large Hadron Collider spots ultra rare particle decay
• Solving the mystery of aging: Longevity gene makes Hydra immortal and humans grow older
• Tracing the source of salmonella infection: Biochemists analyze channel that makes pathogen resistant to cytotoxins
• Hormone combination effective and safe for treating obesity in mice
• Ultra-small drainage device may replace eye drop medications for some glaucoma patients
• Awareness could eliminate inequalities in cancer diagnoses
• Choreographing light: Scientists control light patterns called 'caustics' and make coherent images
• New health-economic model shows benefits of boosting dietary calcium intake
• U.S. preterm birth rate shows five-year improvement
• Stereoscopic mammography could reduce recall rate
• Pictures effective in warning against cigarette smoking
• Production of batteries made cheaper and safer, thanks to Finnish researchers
• Osteoporosis risk factors after the menopause
• Viable and fertile fruit flies in the absence of histone H3.3
• Men and women battle for ideal height: Evidence of an intralocus sexual conflict currently raging in human DNA

Drug shrinks brain tumors in children with tuberous sclerosis complex, study suggests Posted: 13 Nov 2012 03:51 PM PST A drug originally developed to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs has now been shown to dramatically reduce a particular kind of brain tumor in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex -- a genetic disease that causes tumors to grow on vital organs.

Migraine-associated brain changes not related to impaired cognition Posted: 13 Nov 2012 02:49 PM PST Women with migraines did not appear to experience a decline in cognitive ability over time compared to those who didn't have them, according to a nine-year follow up study funded by the National Institutes of Health. The study also showed that women with migraine had a higher likelihood of having brain changes that appeared as bright spots on magnetic resonance imaging, a type of imaging commonly used to evaluate tissues of the body.

Stem cell finding could advance immunotherapy for lung cancer Posted: 13 Nov 2012 02:49 PM PST A lung cancer research team reports that lung cancer stem cells can be isolated -- and then grown -- in a preclinical model, offering a new avenue for investigating immunotherapy treatment options that specifically target stem cells.

A smoker's license: Too radical for tobacco control? Posted: 13 Nov 2012 02:49 PM PST In an innovative move to help reduce the damaging health effects of tobacco, the radical proposal of introducing a ''smoker's license'' is debated by two experts in this week's PLOS Medicine.

Early changes in liver function could indicate life-threatening infection Posted: 13 Nov 2012 02:49 PM PST Early changes in liver function detected by novel techniques can identify severe infection (sepsis) hours after onset and so could have important implications for the treatment of patients who are critically ill, according to a new study.

Hormone affects distance men keep from unknown women they find attractive: Oxytocin may promote fidelity Posted: 13 Nov 2012 02:47 PM PST Men in committed relationships choose to keep a greater distance between themselves and an unknown woman they find attractive when given the hormone oxytocin, according to new research. The findings suggest oxytocin may help promote fidelity within monogamous relationships.

Scientists question designation of some emerging diseases Posted: 13 Nov 2012 02:46 PM PST The Ebola, Marburg and Lassa viruses are commonly referred to as emerging diseases, but leading scientists say these life-threatening viruses have been around for centuries.

Teenagers' brains affected by preterm birth Posted: 13 Nov 2012 02:46 PM PST Teenagers born prematurely may suffer brain development problems that directly affect their memory and learning abilities.

Genetic variation may modify associations between low vitamin D levels and adverse health outcomes Posted: 13 Nov 2012 01:15 PM PST Findings from a study suggest that certain variations in vitamin D metabolism genes may modify the association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with health outcomes such as hip fracture, heart attack, cancer, and death.

Meditation may reduce death, heart attack and stroke in heart patients Posted: 13 Nov 2012 01:15 PM PST Twice-a-day Transcendental Meditation helped African Americans with heart disease reduce risk of death, heart attack and stroke. Meditation helped patients lower their blood pressure, stress and anger compared with patients who attended a health education class. Regular Transcendental Meditation may improve long-term heart health.

Injectable formulation of malaria parasites achieve controlled infection Posted: 13 Nov 2012 01:15 PM PST In a breakthrough that could accelerate malaria vaccine and drug development, scientists just announced that, for the first time ever, human volunteers were infected with malaria via a simple injection of cryopreserved sterile parasites that were harvested from the salivary glands of infected mosquitoes in compliance with regulatory standards. The parasites had been frozen in a vial for more than two years.

Experts report one of two remaining types of polio virus may be eliminated in Pakistan Posted: 13 Nov 2012 01:15 PM PST Polio cases worldwide reached historic lows in 2012, and for the first time there were no new outbreaks beyond countries already harboring the disease, leaving researchers confident that a massive and re-energized international campaign to eradicate polio is on a path to success, according to new research.

Increasing efficiency of wireless networks: New method could have broad impacts on mobile Internet and wireless industries Posted: 13 Nov 2012 12:13 PM PST Researchers have developed a new method that doubles the efficiency of wireless networks and could have a large impact on the mobile Internet and wireless industries.

Total solar eclipse, Nov. 13, 2012: Hinode to support ground-based observations Posted: 13 Nov 2012 12:13 PM PST On Nov. 13, 2012, certain parts of Earth will experience a total solar eclipse. The eclipse will only be seen from a narrow corridor in the southern hemisphere that is mostly over the ocean but also cuts across the northern tip of Australia. The JAXA/NASA Hinode mission will experience a partial eclipse of the sun near the same time as the observers in Australia.

Roots of deadly 2010 India flood identified; Findings could improve warnings Posted: 13 Nov 2012 12:11 PM PST New research indicates that flash flooding that swept through the mountain town of Leh, India, in 2010 was set off by a string of unusual weather events similar to those that caused devastating flash floods in Colorado and South Dakota in the 1970s.

Road to language learning is iconic Posted: 13 Nov 2012 11:37 AM PST Languages are highly complex systems and yet most children seem to acquire language easily, even in the absence of formal instruction. For spoken and written language, the arbitrary relationship between how a word sounds or looks and its meaning presents a real challenge for language learners. New research on young children's use of British Sign Language sheds light on one of the mechanisms – iconicity – that may help children connect a word's form to its meaning.

Defibrillator with less of a shock Posted: 13 Nov 2012 11:37 AM PST Two scientists have developed a low-energy defibrillation scheme that significantly reduces the energy needed to re-establish a normal rhythm in the heart's main chambers. They hope this electrotherapy will be much less painful than the existing electrotherapy, making treatment with a defibrillator much more acceptable to patients.

Uranium exposure linked to increased lupus rate Posted: 13 Nov 2012 11:37 AM PST People living near a former uranium ore processing facility in Ohio are experiencing a higher than average rate of lupus, according a new study.

For brain tumors, origins matter Posted: 13 Nov 2012 11:36 AM PST Since stem cells and progenitor cells are regulated by different growth factors, brain tumors arising from these cells might respond differently to different therapies. Researchers found that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induces stem cell growth, but inhibits neuronal progenitor growth. bFGF also blocks the growth of tumors that originate from progenitors. This study suggests bFGF-like molecules might be used to treat medulloblastoma -- but only tumors with the appropriate origins.

New type of bacterial protection found within cells: Novel immune system response to infections discovered Posted: 13 Nov 2012 11:36 AM PST Biologists have discovered that fats within cells store a class of proteins with potent antibacterial activity, revealing a previously unknown type of immune system response that targets and kills bacterial infections.

Link between obesity and dental health in homeless children strengthened Posted: 13 Nov 2012 11:36 AM PST Obesity and dental cavities increase and become epidemic as children living below the poverty level age, according to nurse researchers.

Being neurotic, and conscientious, a good combo for health Posted: 13 Nov 2012 11:36 AM PST Under certain circumstances neuroticism can be good for your health, according to a study showing that some self-described neurotics also tended to have the lowest levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a biomarker for inflammation and chronic disease.

High exposure to food-borne toxins: Preschool children particularly vulnerable to compounds linked to cancer, other conditions Posted: 13 Nov 2012 10:49 AM PST In a sobering study, researchers measured food-borne toxin exposure in children and adults by pinpointing foods with high levels of toxic compounds and determining how much of these foods were consumed.

Fantasy-reality confusion a primary cause of childhood nighttime fears Posted: 13 Nov 2012 10:49 AM PST Scientists have discovered that a child's ability to differentiate fact from fiction has a huge impact on overcoming nighttime fears. This discovery will help clinicians and parents develop interventions that better soothe their fretful children, he says. One of the researchers recommends using the child's strong imagination as a treatment.

Fast food menu options double: Calorie counts remain high Posted: 13 Nov 2012 10:48 AM PST With grilled chicken, salads and oatmeal now on fast food menus, you might think fast food has become healthier. And indeed, there has been greater attention in the media and legislatively, paid to the healthfulness of fast food. But a close look at the industry has found that calorie counts have changed little, while the number of food items has doubled.

Warming temperatures will change Greenland's face, experts predict Posted: 13 Nov 2012 10:48 AM PST Global climate models abound. What is harder to pin down, is how a warmer global temperature might affect any specific region on Earth. Researchers have now made the global local. Using a combination of climate models, they predict how different greenhouse gas scenarios would change the face of Greenland and impact sea level rise.

Glutamate neurotransmission system may be involved with depression risk Posted: 13 Nov 2012 10:48 AM PST Researchers using a new approach to identifying genes associated with depression have found that variants in a group of genes involved in transmission of signals by the neurotransmitter glutamate appear to increase the risk of depression.

It pays to cooperate: Yeast cells that share food have survival edge over freeloading neighbors Posted: 13 Nov 2012 10:48 AM PST Yeast cells that share food have a survival edge over their freeloading neighbors -- particularly when there is bacterial competition.

Childhood abuse leads to poor adult health Posted: 13 Nov 2012 10:46 AM PST The psychological scars of childhood abuse can last well into adulthood. New research shows the harm can have long-term negative physical effects, as well as emotional ones.

Injectable sponge delivers drugs, cells, and structure Posted: 13 Nov 2012 10:43 AM PST Bioengineers have developed a gel-based sponge that can be molded to any shape, loaded with drugs or stem cells, compressed to a fraction of its size, and delivered via injection. Once inside the body, it pops back to its original shape and gradually releases its cargo, before safely degrading.

Targeting downstream proteins in cancer-causing pathway shows promise in cell, animal model Posted: 13 Nov 2012 10:42 AM PST The cancer-causing form of the gene Myc alters the metabolism of mitochondria, the cell's powerhouse, making it dependent on the amino acid glutamine for survival. Depriving cells of glutamine selectively induces programmed cell death in cells overexpressing mutant Myc. Using Myc-active neuroblastoma cells, a team three priotein executors of the glutamine-starved cell, representing a downstream target at which to aim drugs. Roughly 25 percent of all neuroblastoma cases are associated with Myc-active cells.

Natural product produced by marine algae shows promise in stroke recovery treatment Posted: 13 Nov 2012 10:42 AM PST A new study shows a compound produced naturally by marine algae, stimulated nerve cell growth and plasticity in cultured mouse neurons. This research advances a potentially new pharmacological treatment to aid recovery of brain function following a stroke or other traumatic brain injury.

Even low-level radioactivity is damaging, scientists conclude Posted: 13 Nov 2012 10:42 AM PST Even the very lowest levels of radiation are harmful to life, scientists have concluded, reporting the results of a wide-ranging analysis of 46 peer-reviewed studies published over the past 40 years. Variation in low-level, natural background radiation was found to have small, but highly statistically significant, negative effects on DNA as well as several measures of health.

Vitamin D may prevent clogged arteries in diabetics Posted: 13 Nov 2012 10:42 AM PST People with diabetes often develop clogged arteries that cause heart disease. New research has found that when vitamin D levels are adequate in people with diabetes, blood vessels are less likely to clog. But in patients with insufficient vitamin D, immune cells bind to blood vessels near the heart, then trap cholesterol to block those blood vessels.

Principal plays surprising role in why new teachers quit Posted: 13 Nov 2012 09:26 AM PST Why do so many beginning teachers quit the profession or change schools? Surprising new research finds it's not a heavy workload or lack of resources that has the most significant effect, but instead the relationship between teachers and their principal.

Discovering how stomach cancer spreads Posted: 13 Nov 2012 09:26 AM PST Scientists have found that the production of a protein that prevents the growth and spread of cancerous cells is impaired in patients with gastric cancer.

Naïve fish: Easy targets for spear fishers Posted: 13 Nov 2012 09:25 AM PST Big fish that have grown up in marine reserves don't seem to know enough to avoid fishers armed with spear guns waiting outside the reserve. The latest research by an Australian team working in the Philippines into the effects of marine reserves has found there is an unexpected windfall awaiting fishers who obey the rules and respect reserve boundaries -- in the form of big, innocent fish wandering out of the reserve.

Second most common infection in the U.S. proving harder to treat with current antibiotics Posted: 13 Nov 2012 09:25 AM PST Certain types of bacteria responsible for causing urinary tract infections, the second-most-common infection in the U.S., are becoming more difficult to treat with current antibiotics, according to new research.

Computer memory could increase fivefold from advances in self-assembling polymers Posted: 13 Nov 2012 09:22 AM PST The researchers' technique, which relies on a process known as directed-self assembly, is being given a real-world test run in collaboration with one of the world's leading innovators in disk drives.

Human eye gives researchers visionary design for new, more natural lens technology Posted: 13 Nov 2012 09:20 AM PST Drawing heavily upon nature for inspiration, researchers have created a new artificial lens that is nearly identical to the natural lens of the human eye. This innovative lens, which is made up of thousands of nanoscale polymer layers, may one day provide a more natural performance in implantable lenses to replace damaged or diseased human eye lenses, as well as consumer vision products; it also may lead to superior ground and aerial surveillance technology.

Sperm length variation is not a good sign for fertility Posted: 13 Nov 2012 09:20 AM PST A new study finds that the greater the inconsistency in the length of sperm, particularly in the tail (flagellum), the lower the concentration of sperm that can swim well. The finding offers fertility clinicians a potential new marker for fertility trouble that might trace back to how a patient's sperm are being made.

Turbo-charged gut hormones: Doubling down against diabetes Posted: 13 Nov 2012 09:20 AM PST Researchers may have overcome one of the major challenges drug makers have struggled with for years: Delivering powerful nuclear hormones to specific tissues, while keeping them away from others.

'Man on Fire Syndrome': In a world of chronic pain, individual treatment possible, research shows Posted: 13 Nov 2012 09:20 AM PST An investigation into the molecular causes of a debilitating condition known as "Man on Fire Syndrome" has led researchers to develop a strategy that may lead to personalized pain therapy and predict which chronic pain patients will respond to treatment.

Autism treatment: Metal-binding agent applied to the skin is not absorbed and is therefore ineffective Posted: 13 Nov 2012 09:18 AM PST Metal-binding agents rubbed into the skin, prescribed by some alternative practitioners for the treatment of autism, are not absorbed and therefore are unlikely to be effective at helping the body excrete excess mercury, a new study finds. The study provides evidence against the use of these treatments in children with autism.

How do cells tell time? Scientists develop single-cell imaging to watch the cell clock Posted: 13 Nov 2012 09:17 AM PST A new way to visualize single-cell activity in living zebrafish embryos has allowed scientists to clarify how cells line up in the right place at the right time to receive signals about the next phase of their life.

Supersymmetry squeezed as Large Hadron Collider spots ultra rare particle decay Posted: 13 Nov 2012 06:50 AM PST Scientists at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, near Geneva, have spotted one of the rarest particle decays ever seen in nature. The result is very damaging to new theories like the extremely popular Supersymmetry.

Solving the mystery of aging: Longevity gene makes Hydra immortal and humans grow older Posted: 13 Nov 2012 06:19 AM PST Why do we get older? When do we die and why? Is there a life without aging? For centuries, science has been fascinated by these questions. Now researchers have examined why the polyp Hydra is immortal -- and unexpectedly discovered a link to aging in humans.

Tracing the source of salmonella infection: Biochemists analyze channel that makes pathogen resistant to cytotoxins Posted: 13 Nov 2012 06:19 AM PST The bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium, which causes salmonella infection, is resistant to many cytotoxins the human immune system produces in order to defend itself against invaders. Scientists have now succeeded in studying the channel that makes the pathogen resistant.

Hormone combination effective and safe for treating obesity in mice Posted: 13 Nov 2012 06:19 AM PST Scientists have found a way to link two hormones into a single molecule, producing a more effective therapy with fewer side effects for potential use as treatment for obesity and related medical conditions.

Ultra-small drainage device may replace eye drop medications for some glaucoma patients Posted: 13 Nov 2012 06:18 AM PST A tiny medical device no larger than an eyelash may significantly reduce eye pressure in glaucoma patients and allow some to stop using eye-drop medications, according to year-one clinical trial results for the device. Results of the HYDRUS I clinical trial indicate successful control of eye pressure in all study participants.

Awareness could eliminate inequalities in cancer diagnoses Posted: 13 Nov 2012 05:36 AM PST There are substantial inequalities in the stage at which cancer patients receive their diagnosis -- a critical factor for cancer survival -- a new study reveals. The researchers found that age, sex and income as well as the type of cancer influenced the risk of a patient being diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease.

Choreographing light: Scientists control light patterns called 'caustics' and make coherent images Posted: 13 Nov 2012 05:36 AM PST Researchers have found a way to control "caustics", the patterns that appear when light hits a water surface or any transparent material. Thanks to an elaborate algorithm, they can shape a transparent object so that it reflects an organized and coherent image.

New health-economic model shows benefits of boosting dietary calcium intake Posted: 13 Nov 2012 05:36 AM PST European researchers have published a study which analyses the health economics of increased dairy foods and related reduction in risk of osteoporotic fractures in the population aged over 50. The study was based on a new analytical model that links nutrition and fracture risk, and health economics. It was based on data from the Netherlands, France and Sweden, countries which have varying levels of dairy product intake in the population.

U.S. preterm birth rate shows five-year improvement Posted: 13 Nov 2012 05:36 AM PST The U.S. preterm birth rate dropped for the fifth year in 2011 to 11.7 percent, the lowest in a decade. Four states -- Vermont, Oregon, New Hampshire, and Maine -- earned an "A" on the March of Dimes 2012 Premature Birth Report Card as their preterm birth rates met the March of Dimes 9.6 percent goal. Although the U.S. preterm birth rate improved, it again earned a "C" on the Report Card.

Stereoscopic mammography could reduce recall rate Posted: 13 Nov 2012 05:36 AM PST A new three-dimensional digital mammography technique has the potential to significantly improve the accuracy of breast cancer screening.

Pictures effective in warning against cigarette smoking Posted: 13 Nov 2012 05:36 AM PST Health warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packages that use pictures to show the health consequences of smoking are effective in reaching adult smokers, according to the results of a new study. New research shows which kind of pictures appears to work best among adult smokers in the U.S., including smokers from disadvantaged groups where smoking rates are highest.

Production of batteries made cheaper and safer, thanks to Finnish researchers Posted: 13 Nov 2012 05:35 AM PST Researchers in Finland have developed a method for producing lithium batteries that is cheaper and more environmentally friendly than previously used methods. This new process has succeeded in replacing the harmful methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent, which is traditionally used in the manufacturing of electrodes, with water. Removing this harmful solvent from the production process makes the production of batteries simpler and safer for employees. Production costs of batteries can be decreased by as much as 5 percent. Some of this savings comes from the reduced cost of transporting and recycling harmful chemicals and a lower risk of exposure to employees.

Osteoporosis risk factors after the menopause Posted: 13 Nov 2012 05:35 AM PST A preliminary study of 127 post-menopausal women on hormone replacement therapy in Portugal suggests that there are several risk factors associated with osteoporosis and bone fracture these include age, low bone mineral density, a sedentary lifestyle, coffee consumption and ovariectomy.

Viable and fertile fruit flies in the absence of histone H3.3 Posted: 13 Nov 2012 05:35 AM PST Histones -- proteins that package DNA -- affect cell function differently than previously assumed: the cell doesn't need the histone H3.3 to read genes. Molecular biologists from Switzerland demonstrate that fruit flies can develop and reproduce in the absence of this histone. Additionally, cell division works without a histone modification previously deemed crucial.

Men and women battle for ideal height: Evidence of an intralocus sexual conflict currently raging in human DNA Posted: 13 Nov 2012 05:35 AM PST A battle about the ideal height would appear to be raging in men's and women's genes. A researcher in Sweden has shown that this conflict is leading to a difference in reproductive success between men and women of varying height.

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