ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Surprising variation among genomes of individual neurons from same brain
• Earliest galaxy ever detected: Infant universe more active than thought?
• Investment bankers on boards make for better corporate mergers
• Segregation in American schools still problematic, despite best efforts
• Aerobic exercise benefits memory in persons with MS
• New model for organ repair
• Study explains how a job-market system lands couples in the same city
• Designing an acoustic diode: Novel design for brighter, clearer ultrasound images and improve diagnosis and therapy
• Problem of gender differences on physics assessments remains unsolved
• GenSeq: Updated nomenclature for genetic sequences to solve taxonomic determination issues
• Treating gum disease by bringing needed immune cells to inflamed tissue
• Simulation, team training improves performance, patient safety
• Sugar intake not directly related to liver disease
• Double-pronged attack could treat common children's cancer
• Rising temperatures challenge Salt Lake City's water supply
• Fracture prevention in cancer-associated bone disease
• Developing better weather forecasts
• Norwegian Vikings purchased silk from Persia
• Automatic location of fishing gear
• Can an oil bath solve the mysteries of the quantum world?
• New methods improve quagga and zebra mussel identification
• U.S. policy should encourage highly skilled, foreign Ph.D. students to stay, experts urge
• Leading cause of heart disease ignored in North America's poorest communities
• Study tracks risk of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) exposure in Brazil's urban areas
• Racism linked with gun ownership and opposition to gun control in white Americans
• Bug 'zappers': In battle against flies, don't toss old bulbs
• New weapon in fight against superbugs
• 'Immune fingerprints' may help diagnose bacterial infections, guide treatment
• Pregnant women who snore at higher risk for c-sections, delivering smaller babies
• Microbleeds important to consider in brain-related treatments
• Scientists develop candidate vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus
• Public health policies, practices may negatively affect marginalized populations
• Study on incarcerated youth shows potential to lower anti-social behavior
• Women under 60 with diabetes at much greater risk for heart disease
• Direct link established between stimulus-response learning, substance abuse
• Increasing rate of knee replacements linked to obesity among young
• Scientists discover why newborns get sick so often
• Researchers model familial amyloidosis in vitro using iPSC technology
• Cellular tail length tells human disease tale
• Study offers new theory of cancer development

Surprising variation among genomes of individual neurons from same brain Posted: 01 Nov 2013 02:23 PM PDT It was once thought that each cell in a person's body possesses the same DNA code and that the particular way the genome is read imparts cell function and defines the individual. For many cell types in our bodies, however, that is an oversimplification. Studies of neuronal genomes published in the past decade have turned up extra or missing chromosomes, or pieces of DNA that can copy and paste themselves throughout the genomes.

Earliest galaxy ever detected: Infant universe more active than thought? Posted: 01 Nov 2013 11:43 AM PDT The surprise finding of a young galaxy from a survey that was not designed to find such bright early galaxies suggests that the infant universe may harbor a larger number of intense star-forming galaxies than astronomers believed possible. This means theories and predictive models of the distribution of galaxies' star formation activity may need revision.

Investment bankers on boards make for better corporate mergers Posted: 01 Nov 2013 11:43 AM PDT A new study finds that having an investment on a corporate board makes for more successful mergers and acquisitions with higher stock prices, lower costs and fees.

Segregation in American schools still problematic, despite best efforts Posted: 01 Nov 2013 09:55 AM PDT As American schools struggle with issues of race, diversity and achievement, a new study has split the difference in the ongoing discussion of resegregation. Yes, black, white and Hispanic students were less likely to share classrooms in 2010 than in 1993, but no, that increase in segregation is usually not the result of waning efforts to reduce it.

Aerobic exercise benefits memory in persons with MS Posted: 01 Nov 2013 09:55 AM PDT A research study provides the first evidence for beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on brain and memory in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

New model for organ repair Posted: 01 Nov 2013 09:55 AM PDT Researchers have a new model for how the kidney repairs itself, a model that adds to a growing body of evidence that mature cells are far more plastic than had previously been imagined.

Study explains how a job-market system lands couples in the same city Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT A new study in the growing "market design" field of economics explains how a job-market algorithm helps land couples in the same locations.

Designing an acoustic diode: Novel design for brighter, clearer ultrasound images and improve diagnosis and therapy Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT Most people know about ultrasound through its role in prenatal imaging: those grainy, grey outlines of junior constructed from reflected sound waves. A new technology called an "acoustic diode" may dramatically improve future ultrasound images by changing the way sound waves are transmitted.

Problem of gender differences on physics assessments remains unsolved Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT Women consistently score lower than men on common assessments of conceptual understanding of physics. Despite previous claims that the causes of this gender gap have been pinpointed, the problem remains unsolved and poorly understood.

GenSeq: Updated nomenclature for genetic sequences to solve taxonomic determination issues Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT An improved and expanded nomenclature for genetic sequences is introduced that corresponds with a ranking of the reliability of the taxonomic identification of the source specimens. Verifying the taxonomic identity of the voucher specimens that are the source of genetic materials has become increasingly difficult but remains vitally important; this new nomenclatural system for DNA sequences helps remedy this issue.

Treating gum disease by bringing needed immune cells to inflamed tissue Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT The red, swollen and painful gums and bone destruction of periodontal disease could be treated by beckoning the right kind of immune system cells to the inflamed tissues, according to a new animal study. Their findings offer a new therapeutic paradigm for a condition that afflicts 78 million people in the US alone.

Simulation, team training improves performance, patient safety Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT A study conducted by an inter-professional team found that simulation-based operating room team training of medical and nursing students resulted in more effective teamwork by improving attitudes, behaviors, interaction and overall performance leading to potential increased patient safety and better clinical outcomes.

Sugar intake not directly related to liver disease Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT Despite current beliefs, sugar intake is not directly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, according to a new study. Rather, high-calorie diets promote the progression of this serious form of liver disease.

Double-pronged attack could treat common children's cancer Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT A dual-pronged strategy using two experimental cancer drugs together could successfully treat a childhood cancer by inhibiting tumor growth and blocking off the escape routes it uses to become resistant to treatment, finds a new study.

Rising temperatures challenge Salt Lake City's water supply Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT In an example of the challenges water-strapped Western cities will face in a warming world, new research shows that every degree Fahrenheit of warming in the Salt Lake City region could mean a 1.8 to 6.5 percent drop in the annual flow of streams that provide water to the city.

Fracture prevention in cancer-associated bone disease Posted: 01 Nov 2013 07:09 AM PDT A new paper reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of cancer-associated bone disease and provides information about fracture prevention in cancer patients. The review summarizes the pertinent recommendations of leading societies, providing guidance for clinical decision making and information on evidence-based pathways to prevent skeletal-related events and bone loss.

Developing better weather forecasts Posted: 01 Nov 2013 06:17 AM PDT By being more precise in what is uncertain, the weather forecasts will become more reliable. A new method for forecasting the weather is now being developed.

Norwegian Vikings purchased silk from Persia Posted: 01 Nov 2013 06:17 AM PDT The Norwegian Vikings were more oriented towards the East than we have previously assumed, according to new research. After four years of in-depth investigation of the silk trade of the Viking Age, archeologists may change our perceptions of the history of the Norwegian Vikings. The silk trade was far more comprehensive than was previously assumed.

Automatic location of fishing gear Posted: 01 Nov 2013 06:17 AM PDT In the grey light of morning and squally weather a fishing boat stops its engine. The fisherman knows he is outside the baseline and has to notify the Coastguard before setting his nets. He phones the office in Sortland and states his GPS coordinates in order to avoid collision with other boats' fishing gear.

Can an oil bath solve the mysteries of the quantum world? Posted: 31 Oct 2013 05:34 PM PDT For the past eight years, two French researchers have been bouncing droplets around a vibrating oil bath and observing their unique behavior. What sounds like a high-school experiment has in fact provided the first ever evidence that the strange features of the quantum world can be reproduced on a macroscopic scale.

New methods improve quagga and zebra mussel identification Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:56 PM PDT The earliest possible detection of quagga and zebra mussels has long been a goal of biologists seeking to discover their presence in water bodies. A new sampling method improves the accuracy of quagga and zebra mussel detection while still at the microscopic larval stage.

U.S. policy should encourage highly skilled, foreign Ph.D. students to stay, experts urge Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:56 PM PDT Attracting more talented foreign students to study at U.S. universities and encouraging them to launch entrepreneurial ventures here could help "revitalize innovation and economic growth" in this country, according to a trio of economists.

Leading cause of heart disease ignored in North America's poorest communities Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:55 PM PDT A leading cause of heart disease remains overlooked in North America's most impoverished communities, researchers assert. Chagas disease has rendered a heavy health and economic toll, yet insufficient political and medical support for gathering specific data, providing diagnosis and treatment, and developing new tools has impeded much-needed breakthroughs.

Study tracks risk of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) exposure in Brazil's urban areas Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:55 PM PDT The factors involved in VL transmission are poorly understood, especially in urban and densely populated counties. Researchers in Brazil have conducted studies on urbanization and expansion of VL in Belo Horizonte, capital of Minas Gerais State.

Racism linked with gun ownership and opposition to gun control in white Americans Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:54 PM PDT A new study has found that higher levels of racism in white Americans is associated with having a gun in the home and greater opposition to gun control policies.

Bug 'zappers': In battle against flies, don't toss old bulbs Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:54 PM PDT Researchers find old bulbs work almost as well as newer ones in helping zap bugs. This saves millions of dollars and more mercury from entering waste stream.

New weapon in fight against superbugs Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:54 PM PDT Nanoscale images may provide the 'hole' story on pore-making antibiotic peptides.

'Immune fingerprints' may help diagnose bacterial infections, guide treatment Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:54 PM PDT Bacterial infections in dialysis patients leave an "immune fingerprint" that can be used to improve diagnosis and to guide treatment. Routine monitoring of these complex immune fingerprints could benefit patients with different types of infections.

Pregnant women who snore at higher risk for c-sections, delivering smaller babies Posted: 31 Oct 2013 12:34 PM PDT Snoring during pregnancy may be more than a nuisance -- mothers who snored three or more nights a week had a higher risk of poor delivery outcomes.

Microbleeds important to consider in brain-related treatments Posted: 31 Oct 2013 11:29 AM PDT As growing numbers of America's baby boomers reach retirement, neuroscientists are expanding their efforts to understand and treat one of the leading health issues affecting this population: age-related neurological deterioration, including stroke and dementia.

Scientists develop candidate vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus Posted: 31 Oct 2013 11:27 AM PDT An experimental vaccine to protect against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of illness and hospitalization among very young children, elicited high levels of RSV-specific antibodies when tested in animals.

Public health policies, practices may negatively affect marginalized populations Posted: 31 Oct 2013 11:27 AM PDT Despite the best intentions of those working in public health, some policies and practices inadvertently further disadvantage marginalized populations, according to a commentary by a researcher.

Study on incarcerated youth shows potential to lower anti-social behavior Posted: 31 Oct 2013 11:06 AM PDT A first study of its kind demonstrates that mindfulness training can be used in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy to protect attentional functioning in high-risk, incarcerated youth.

Women under 60 with diabetes at much greater risk for heart disease Posted: 31 Oct 2013 11:06 AM PDT Results of a study found that young and middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes are at much greater risk of coronary artery disease than previously believed.

Direct link established between stimulus-response learning, substance abuse Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:53 AM PDT A neuroscientist has found that the region of the brain involved in stimulus-response learning is directly linked to the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. More specifically, she discovered that people who resorted to stimulus-response learning smoked more, had double the consumption of alcohol and were more likely to use cannabis.

Increasing rate of knee replacements linked to obesity among young Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:52 AM PDT Contrary to popular myth, it is not the aging Baby Boomer or weekend warrior that is causing the unprecedented increase in knee replacement surgeries. Data gathered by more than 125 orthopedic surgeons from 22 states across the US show a more mundane culprit: rising rates of obesity among those under the age of 65.

Scientists discover why newborns get sick so often Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:52 AM PDT If you think cold and flu season is tough, trying being an infant. A new research finding sheds light on why newborns appear to be so prone to getting sick with viruses -- they are born without one of the key proteins needed to protect them.

Researchers model familial amyloidosis in vitro using iPSC technology Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:49 AM PDT Researchers have generated the first known disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cell lines from a patient with familial transthyretin amyloidosis. The findings may lead to new treatments for genetic diseases, such as familial amyloidosis.

Cellular tail length tells human disease tale Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:49 AM PDT A molecular biologist's adventures in pond scum have led her and four student researchers to discover a mutation that can make cilia, the microscopic antennae on our cells, grow too long. When the antennae aren't the right size, the signals captured by them get misinterpreted. The result can be fatal. They have discovered that the regulatory gene CNK2 is present in cilia and controls the length of these hair-like projections.

Study offers new theory of cancer development Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:49 AM PDT Researchers have devised a way to understand patterns of aneuploidy -- an abnormal number of chromosomes -- in tumors and predict which genes in the affected chromosomes are likely to be cancer suppressors or promoters. They propose that aneuploidy is a driver of cancer rather than a result of it.

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