July 19th, 2012Top Story The Holy Trinity of Inactivity: How Boredom, Distraction, and Procrastination Are Vital to Healthy Living By Thorin Klosowski Most of us—no matter how many time-saving techniques we employ—don't have enough time to waste. When we do, we try to fill the void with more tasks. The problem with all your productivity? Turning down the volume on life is extremely beneficial. We fight against boredom, distraction, and procrastination all the time, but that doesn't mean you should get rid of them completely. It probably sounds a little counterintuitive to suggest to anyone that they start slacking off, but in reality it's about as important to your brain's health as sleeping is. Being bored, procrastinating, and embracing distraction all help your brain function. In turn, you understand decisions better. You learn easier. You even foster creativity and productivity better. Let's take a look at this holy trinity of inactivity from the points of view of both science and creative types. How Boredom Works to Boost Creativity and Positive Behavior If millions of children's books are any indication, then boredom is well known to lead to mischief of all types. However, in some ways, boredom is the necessary filter we all need when we have too much information in front of us. The New York Times explains it like so: Some experts say that people tune things out for good reasons, and that over time boredom becomes a tool for sorting information—an increasingly sensitive spam filter. In various fields including neuroscience and education, research suggests that falling into a numbed trance allows the brain to recast the outside world in ways that can be productive and creative at least as often as they are disruptive. It's that boredom that comedy writer Graham Linehan embraces as part of his creative ritual. In an interview with The Guardian, Linehan describes his process: I have to use all these programs that cut off the internet, force me to be bored, because being bored is an essential part of writing, and the internet has made it very hard to be bored. There's just so much to do – it's funny, because I'm more creative, but I'm getting less writing done. I'm trying to balance that at the moment. It's a difficult one. Psychology Today also notes boredom is a stepping stone to bigger and better things: Once we've opened ourselves to the idea that boredom can be the initial step for creative productivity, it becomes pretty quickly apparent when those unengaged, uninterested moments are really the mind's bringing a blank canvas to your psychological easel, ready for you to begin painting. The argument is that boredom gives you a blank slate to work with. This is echoed in research from the University of Limerick that suggests boredom can lead to more prosocial behavior because it pushes you toward meaningful activities. Boredom on a large scale might be a sign of depression, but cutting off the world for a little while each day is a good way to help make sense of it. Photo by Monica Kaneko. How Distraction and Focus Work Together Boredom is one thing on its own, but one of the side effects of some types of boredom is another productivity killer: distraction and inattention. We get distracted easily—so easy that an entire ecosystem of apps and browser extensions exist to help you minimize distractions. However, being distracted is a boon to creative thinking because it allows you to think outside the box. Scientific American explains Insight problems involve thinking outside the box. This is where susceptibility to "distraction" can be of benefit. At off-peak times we are less focused, and may consider a broader range of information. This wider scope gives us access to more alternatives and diverse interpretations, thus fostering innovation and insight. Indeed, [the study] found that participants were more successful in solving insight problems when tested at their non-optimal times. Distractions aren't just necessary for creative types and problem solvers, they're important for you to focus.NY Magazine explains: Focus is a paradox—it has distraction built into it. The two are symbiotic; they're the systole and diastole of consciousness. Attention comes from the Latin "to stretch out" or "reach toward," distraction from "to pull apart." We need both. In their extreme forms, focus and attention may even circle back around and bleed into one another. The ideas in NY Magazine are backed up with research from the Journal of Neuroscience that suggests that daydreaming improves focus by creating long-range neural connections. In short, getting distracted and letting your mind wander can actually make you smarter and more focused in the long term. You shouldn't stop in the middle of a productive moment and surf the internet, but if you catch yourself being distracted you don't always have to fight it. Photo by Ben and Kaz Askins. Why Procrastination Helps You Make Better Decisions Procrastination is a productivity buzzkill for everyone, but it's not always bad. In fact, procrastination is an essential part of the human condition and actually a huge help for decision making. In his book Wait: The Art and Science of Delay, author Frank Partnoy suggests that procrastination is integral to good decision making. He also suggests a simple two-step method is necessary for making good decisions and being happy. He calls this, "don't just do something, stand there." At a presentation at the Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA), Partnoy lays out his process: Think about what the greatest amount of time you could delay before taking an action or making a decision. Wait until the last possible moment in that time frame. If Partnoy's philosophy sounds a little odd, it's because it's in exact opposition with Malcolm Gladwell's praise of gut-reaction thinking in his book Blink: The Power of Thinking without Thinking. Where Gladwell praised our innate decision making ability, Partnoy's idea is that we're not good at decisions and we should give them more time by procrastinating. These aren't just decisions about yourself or your life, but also political decisions, corporate decisions, and everything else. In an interview with the Smithsonian Magazine, Partnoy adds an importantant disclaimer to this idea: Some scientists have argued that there are two kinds of procrastination: active procrastination and passive procrastination. Active procrastination means you realize that you are unduly delaying mowing the lawn or cleaning your closet, but you are doing something that is more valuable instead. Passive procrastination is just sitting around on your sofa not doing anything. The study Partnoy refers to is out of Columbia University and suggests that some procrastinators make a deliberate decision to put things off. In itself, this isn't a bad thing and provided you know the time frame you can take action within, procrastination can have the same positive effects as getting things done right away. Photo by Paul Swansen. How to Avoid the Excess and Embrace Inactivity Without Becoming a Slob We know a little inactivity is great and you should make time for it. That doesn't mean you can turn into a total slacker and expect to see life improvements. All the above ideas accent productive living and are best used in moderation. We've talked before about prioritizing nothing as a means to give yourself a break and just relax. It's advice I've had to take myself because I found I was filling every moment of my day with something. If there wasn't a screen in front of me there was audio playing. Now, I'll let myself be a little bored when I'm cooking dinner instead of listening to a podcast, and I don't always force myself to focus on things all the time. More importantly, I've taken Partnoy's advice stopped using procrastination as a bad word. After a couple weeks of this I feel less anxious, and more resolved in my decisions. As for other methods? Here's Linehan again, with his solution: Presently he's trying to force himself to take an hour-and-a-half every day to force that boredom to happen, where he sits in a cafe with just his phone switched to Flight mode – no internet, no calls. "The creative process requires a period of boredom, of being stuck. That's actually a very uncomfortable period that a lot of people mistake for writer's block, but it's actually just part one of a long process." As for procrastination, Partnoy has his own solution to delay without forgetting entirely: Just take a breath. Take more pauses. Stare off into the distance. Ask yourself the first question of this two-step process: What is the maximum amount of time I have available to respond? When I get emails now, instead of responding right away, I ask myself this. It might seem rude, and it did feel rude at first. But the reality is if you respond to every email instantaneously you are going to make your life much more difficult. If the email really doesn't have to be responded to for a week, I simply cut the information out of the email and paste it into my calendar for one week from today. I free up time today that I can spend on something else, and I'll be unconsciously working on the question asked in the email for a week. With all three pillars of inactivity it's about finding what works for you. You might need to actually schedule in a time on your calendar where you're not doing anything. Or force yourself to take a walk outside, linger around the coffee cooler, or take a nap. Photo by Kiran Jonnalagadda. We can't be inactive all the time, but it's a task we're losing touch with. Like all things, it's about balance, but the next time you're sitting at the bus stop, consider leaving your phone in your pocket. Take a walk without those headphones now and again. Procrastinate on your decisions for a couple of days. A lot of things in life happen at warp speed and you can't do anything about it, but a few moments each day can help you better understand the world. Title image remixed from Subbotina Anna (Shutterstock).

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