ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Apixaban superior to warfarin across range of patient risk scores, study finds
• Irreversible warming will cause sea levels to rise for thousands of years to come, new research shows
• Snakes in the wild harbor deadly mosquito-borne EEEV virus through hibernation, study finds
• Obese brain may thwart weight loss: Diets high in saturated fat, refined sugar may cause brain changes that fuel overconsumption
• Immune system harnessed to improve stem cell transplant outcomes
• Study affirms safety of HPV4 vaccine for adolescents and young women in routine clinical care
• Clam shells yield clues to Atlantic’s climate history
• Breakthrough in understanding lung cancer vulnerabilities points the way to new targeted therapy
• Baboon personalities connected to social success and health benefits
• Homolog of mammalian neocortex found in bird brain
• Potential new class of drugs blocks nerve cell death
• Tree rings go with the flow of the Amazon
• Restricting nuclear power has little effect on the cost of climate policies
• Auto experts recognize cars like most people recognize faces
• Tolerance for ambiguity explains adolescents' penchant for risky behaviors
• Fluoxetine increases aggressive behavior, affects brain development among adolescent hamsters
• Form of small pox virus shows potential for treating triple-negative breast cancer
• Atmospheric aerosol climate caution
• Stem cells improve visual function in blind mice
• Popular antidepressant might prevent heart failure
• Zinc deficiency mechanism linked to aging, multiple diseases
• Smartphone technology acceptable for telemedicine
• Omega-3 supplements may slow a biological effect of aging
• No relief for relief workers: Humanitarian aid work raises risk of depression and anxiety
• Marine animals could hold key to looking young: Sea cucumbers, sea urchins can change elasticity of collagen
• Severely obese are fastest growing group of overweight Americans, study finds
• Biological markers increase clinical trial success rate of new breast cancer drugs
• Low birth weight may increase risk for cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and diabetes
• Camels to help fight Alzheimer's? New class of antibody from camelids that can cross the blood-brain barrier
• PET predicts early response to treatment for head and neck cancer patients
• Association between common heartburn drugs and risk of pneumonia questioned
• Macrophage accumulation of triglycerides yields insights into atherosclerosis
• Baby communication gives clues to autism
• Poor sleep in adolescents may increase risk of heart disease
• Sugar-free approach to treating Kaposi sarcoma
• Engineering the immune system to fight melanoma
• As flu season approaches, why do college students ignore the H1N1 vaccine?
• Moderate alcohol consumption may increase risk of atrial fibrillation in people with heart disease
• Chaos theory and a little physics predict the outcome at the roulette table
• Chemical memory of seawater: Scientists examine biomolecules dissolved in the ocean and read them like a history book
• Reduced glaucoma risk found in patients who take statins
• How immune cells defend themselves against HIV
• High-Arctic heat tops 1,800-year high, says study; Modern spike outmatches naturally driven 'medieval warm period'
• How memory load leaves us 'blind' to new visual information
• Nano-hillocks: Of mountains and craters
• Immune cells could protect against obesity, scientists discover
• A step towards the prevention of collagen-related diseases
• A laser as mini-scissors: Genetic activity in the entire genome of multicellular fungi analysed at a stroke
• Understanding aging: Stem cell dysfunction links cancer and aging
• Tobacco contains highly toxic compounds not regulated by law, Spanish researchers find
• Quantum physics: First images of Landau levels revealed
• Researchers halt autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis in mice
• Nothing to sneeze at: Scientists find cheating ragweed behaves better with its kin
• Dance Dance Revolution makes a difference in kids' physical activity levels
• Eliminating visual clutter helps people with mild cognitive impairment
• Should aspirin be used to help prevent cancer?
• Serious child abuse injuries creep up, study shows
• First large scale trial of whole-genome cancer testing for clinical decision-making reported
• Overweight teens get mental health boost from even small amounts of exercise
• Rehabilitation robots uncover stroke disabilities and improve care

Apixaban superior to warfarin across range of patient risk scores, study finds Posted: 01 Oct 2012 04:15 PM PDT A new anticoagulant called apixaban is superior to warfarin in preventing stroke with consistent effects across a wide range of stroke and bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation, according to researchers.

Irreversible warming will cause sea levels to rise for thousands of years to come, new research shows Posted: 01 Oct 2012 04:15 PM PDT Greenhouse gas emissions up to now have triggered an irreversible warming of Earth that will cause sea levels to rise for thousands of years to come, new research has shown.

Snakes in the wild harbor deadly mosquito-borne EEEV virus through hibernation, study finds Posted: 01 Oct 2012 02:12 PM PDT Snakes in the wild serve as hosts for the deadly mosquito-borne Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, possibly acting as a "bridge" to the next season, according to researchers studying endemic areas in the Tuskegee National Forest in Alabama.

Obese brain may thwart weight loss: Diets high in saturated fat, refined sugar may cause brain changes that fuel overconsumption Posted: 01 Oct 2012 02:11 PM PDT New research indicates that diets that lead to obesity -- diets high in saturated fat and refined sugar -- may cause changes to the brains of obese people that in turn may fuel overconsumption of those same foods and make weight loss more challenging.

Immune system harnessed to improve stem cell transplant outcomes Posted: 01 Oct 2012 01:14 PM PDT A novel therapy in the early stages of development shows promise in providing lasting protection against the progression of multiple myeloma following a stem cell transplant by making the cancer cells easier targets for the immune system.

Study affirms safety of HPV4 vaccine for adolescents and young women in routine clinical care Posted: 01 Oct 2012 01:14 PM PDT A study of almost 200,000 young females who received the quadrivalent human papilloma virus vaccine found that immunization was associated only with same-day syncope and skin infections in the two weeks after vaccination. These findings support the general safety of routine vaccination with HPV4 in a clinical care setting to prevent cervical and other genital and reproductive cancers.

Clam shells yield clues to Atlantic’s climate history Posted: 01 Oct 2012 01:12 PM PDT Researchers are studying the growth increments in clam shells to learn about past ocean conditions. A better understanding of the ocean's past can help researchers understand today's climate trends and changes.

Breakthrough in understanding lung cancer vulnerabilities points the way to new targeted therapy Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:19 PM PDT More effective treatments for one of the deadliest forms of cancer are one step closer thanks to groundbreaking research.

Baboon personalities connected to social success and health benefits Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:19 PM PDT Whether human or baboon, it helps to have friends. For both species, studies have shown that robust social networks lead to better health and longer lives. Now, researchers have shown that baboon personality plays a role in these outcomes, and, like people, some baboons' personalities are better suited to making and keeping friends than others.

Homolog of mammalian neocortex found in bird brain Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:19 PM PDT Most higher-order processing by the human and mammalian brain is thought to occur in the neocortex, a structure on the surface of the brain. Now researchers have found cells similar to those of the mammalian neocortex in a vastly different anatomical structure in bird brains. This confirms a 50-year-old hypothesis that provoked decades of debate, sheds light on the evolution of the brain, and suggests new animal models for the neocortex.

Potential new class of drugs blocks nerve cell death Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:19 PM PDT Researchers have identified a new class of small molecules that block nerve cell death in animal models of Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These small molecules could be a starting point for developing drugs that might help treat patients with these diseases.

Tree rings go with the flow of the Amazon Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:19 PM PDT New research has used tree rings from eight cedar trees in Bolivia to unlock a 100-year history of rainfall across the Amazon basin, which contains the world's largest river system.

Restricting nuclear power has little effect on the cost of climate policies Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:19 PM PDT By applying a global energy-economy computer simulation that fully captures the competition between alternative power supply technologies, a team of scientists analyzed trade-offs between nuclear and climate policies. Strong greenhouse-gas emissions reduction to mitigate global warming shows to have much larger impact on economics than nuclear policy, according to the study.

Auto experts recognize cars like most people recognize faces Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:10 PM PDT The most detailed brain meapping study to date has found that the area of the brain that recognizes faces is also used to identify objects of expertise.

Tolerance for ambiguity explains adolescents' penchant for risky behaviors Posted: 01 Oct 2012 12:10 PM PDT It is widely believed that adolescents engage in risky behaviors because of an innate tolerance for risks, but a new study has found this is not the case.

Fluoxetine increases aggressive behavior, affects brain development among adolescent hamsters Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:14 AM PDT Repeated administration of a low dose of fluoxetine to adolescent hamsters dramatically increased offensive aggression and altered the development of brain areas directly associated with controlling the aggressive response. Fluoxetine is one of only two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors registered for treatment of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents.

Form of small pox virus shows potential for treating triple-negative breast cancer Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:14 AM PDT A new vaccinia virus, acting as both an oncolytic and anti-angiogenic agent, can enter and kill triple-negative breast cancer cells and could lead to a more targeted therapy against this deadly form of breast cancer, according to new research.

Atmospheric aerosol climate caution Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:11 AM PDT Carbon dioxide is not the only problem we must address if we are to understand and solve the problem of climate change. We as yet do not understand adequately the role played by aerosols, clouds and their interaction, experts say, and we must take related processes into account before considering any large-scale geo-engineering.

Stem cells improve visual function in blind mice Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:11 AM PDT An experimental treatment for blindness, developed from a patient's skin cells, improved the vision of blind mice in a study conducted by ophthalmologists and stem cell researchers.

Popular antidepressant might prevent heart failure Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:10 AM PDT A medication usually used to help treat depression and anxiety disorders has the potential to help prevent heart failure, according to researchers.

Zinc deficiency mechanism linked to aging, multiple diseases Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:10 AM PDT A new study has outlined for the first time a biological mechanism by which zinc deficiency can develop with age, leading to a decline of the immune system and increased inflammation associated with many health problems, including cancer, heart disease, autoimmune disease and diabetes.

Smartphone technology acceptable for telemedicine Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:09 AM PDT A new study confirms the use of smartphones medical images to evaluate stroke patients in remote locations through telemedicine. The study is the first to test the effectiveness of smartphone teleradiology applications in a real-world telestroke network, researchers say.

Omega-3 supplements may slow a biological effect of aging Posted: 01 Oct 2012 11:09 AM PDT Taking enough omega-3 fatty acid supplements to change the balance of oils in the diet could slow a key biological process linked to aging, new research suggests.

No relief for relief workers: Humanitarian aid work raises risk of depression and anxiety Posted: 01 Oct 2012 10:21 AM PDT Humanitarian workers are at significant risk for mental health problems, both in the field and after returning home. The good news is that there are steps that they and their employers can take to mitigate this risk.

Marine animals could hold key to looking young: Sea cucumbers, sea urchins can change elasticity of collagen Posted: 01 Oct 2012 10:21 AM PDT Sea cucumbers and sea urchins are able to change the elasticity of collagen within their bodies, and could hold the key to maintaining a youthful appearance, according to scientists. The researchers investigated the genes of marine creatures such as sea urchins and sea cucumbers, known as echinoderms. They found the genes for "messenger molecules" known as peptides, which are released by cells and tell other cells in their bodies what to do.

Severely obese are fastest growing group of overweight Americans, study finds Posted: 01 Oct 2012 10:21 AM PDT The proportion of Americans who are severely obese -- those people 100 pounds or more overweight -- continues to increase rapidly and much faster than those with moderate obesity, but the rate of growth has slowed, according to a new study.

Biological markers increase clinical trial success rate of new breast cancer drugs Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:54 AM PDT Using biological markers -- genetic characteristics that are associated with some patients with breast cancer -- can increase the success rate of clinical trials for breast cancer drugs by almost 50 per cent, says new research.

Low birth weight may increase risk for cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and diabetes Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:54 AM PDT Being born underweight may have consequences other than the known short-term effects according to researchers. Low birth weight rats have an increased long-term risk for cardiovascular and kidney disease, and diabetes. Also, older females are at higher risk of developing high blood pressure before and during pregnancy, which may restrict growth in the womb, causing offspring to born at a low birth weight.

Camels to help fight Alzheimer's? New class of antibody from camelids that can cross the blood-brain barrier Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:52 AM PDT Could camels help fight Alzheimer's disease? Scientists have announced a discovery that may lead to enhanced imaging of, and improved drug delivery to the brain. New research describes a new class of antibody from camelids that can cross the blood-brain barrier, diffuse into brain tissue, and reach specific targets. These antibodies may be instrumental for people with brain diseases poorly diagnosed and treated using today's tools.

PET predicts early response to treatment for head and neck cancer patients Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:52 AM PDT Determining the optimal treatment course and predicting outcomes may get easier in the future for patients with head and neck sqaumous cell carcinomas with the use of an investigational imaging agent. New research shows that positron emission tomography imaging with 3'-deoxy-3'F-18-fluorothymidine during treatment and early follow-up has the potential to predict therapeutic responses.

Association between common heartburn drugs and risk of pneumonia questioned Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:52 AM PDT Previous studies associating the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) -- which include popular anti-heartburn medications like Prilosec and Nexium -- with an increased incidence of pneumonia may not have found a true cause-and-effect relationship. A new study outlines a strategy for determining when the results of such observational studies may have been distorted by unmeasured factors and then finds that may be the case with the association between PPIs and pneumonia risk.

Macrophage accumulation of triglycerides yields insights into atherosclerosis Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:52 AM PDT A new report helps explain how specific immune cells, called macrophages, accumulate triglycerides to support their function. Because a characteristic finding in atherosclerosis is the accumulation of fat in macrophages in the arterial wall, understanding how macrophages accumulate triglycerides may lead to new approaches toward slowing or stopping the development of atherosclerosis.

Baby communication gives clues to autism Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:48 AM PDT Babies' non-verbal communication skills can help predict outcomes in children at high risk of developing autism, new research shows.

Poor sleep in adolescents may increase risk of heart disease Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:47 AM PDT Adolescents who sleep poorly may be at risk of cardiovascular disease in later life, according to a new study.

Sugar-free approach to treating Kaposi sarcoma Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:47 AM PDT A sugar-loving protein drives the growth of Kaposi sarcoma tumors, according to a new study. Interfering with these sugary interactions inhibited growth of Kaposi sarcomas in mice, hinting at the potential for new treatment strategies in humans.

Engineering the immune system to fight melanoma Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:38 AM PDT Medical researchers have launched the first clinical trial in the Midwest of an experimental melanoma treatment that genetically engineers a patient's immune system to fight the deadly cancer.

As flu season approaches, why do college students ignore the H1N1 vaccine? Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:38 AM PDT A risk communication study focuses on perceptions, information seeking and intent in coming to grips with a 13 percent flu vaccination rate among students sampled despite a strong CDC health outreach campaign.

Moderate alcohol consumption may increase risk of atrial fibrillation in people with heart disease Posted: 01 Oct 2012 09:38 AM PDT Moderate drinking is common for more than a third of the population. A new study suggests the effect of alcohol consumption, even in moderate amounts, on atrial fibrillation risk in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease may be considerable.

Chaos theory and a little physics predict the outcome at the roulette table Posted: 01 Oct 2012 08:06 AM PDT With enough information, physics can predict a great deal about the world around us, and that includes the fall of the ball in the game of roulette.

Chemical memory of seawater: Scientists examine biomolecules dissolved in the ocean and read them like a history book Posted: 01 Oct 2012 07:24 AM PDT Water does not forget, according to a chemist. Irrespective of what happens in the sea: whether the sun shines, algae bloom or a school of dolphins swims through a marine area -- everything and everyone leaves biomolecular tracks. With the help of a combination of new techniques, scientists can now identify and retrace some of these.

Reduced glaucoma risk found in patients who take statins Posted: 01 Oct 2012 07:24 AM PDT People who take statins to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease are less likely to be diagnosed with the most common form of glaucoma, according to a U.S. nationwide study of more than 300,000 patients. Scientists found the risk for glaucoma was reduced by eight percent in patients who took statins continuously for two years, compared with patients who did not take statins.

How immune cells defend themselves against HIV Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:59 AM PDT Scientists have decoded a mechanism used by the human immune system to protect itself from HIV viruses. The results provide new insights into the molecular background of AIDS and could open up starting points for new treatments.

High-Arctic heat tops 1,800-year high, says study; Modern spike outmatches naturally driven 'medieval warm period' Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:59 AM PDT Summers on the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard are now warmer than at any other time in the last 1,800 years, including during medieval times when parts of the northern hemisphere were as hot as, or hotter, than today, according to a new study.

How memory load leaves us 'blind' to new visual information Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:59 AM PDT Trying to keep an image we've just seen in memory can leave us blind to things we are "looking" at, according to the results of a new study.

Nano-hillocks: Of mountains and craters Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:58 AM PDT In the field of nanotechnology, electrically-charged particles are frequently used as tools for surface modification. Researchers were at last able to reconcile important issues concerning the effects of highly charged ions on surfaces.

Immune cells could protect against obesity, scientists discover Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:55 AM PDT New research has found that a type of anti-tumor immune cell protects against obesity and the metabolic syndrome that leads to diabetes.  Results show that immune cells known to be protective against malignancy called invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKT), are lost when humans become obese, but can be restored through weight loss.

A step towards the prevention of collagen-related diseases Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:55 AM PDT Scientists have just determined the three-dimensional structure of a key region of the procollagen molecule, the precursor form of collagen, the most abundant protein in the body. This region, called the C-propeptide domain, plays an extremely important role in collagen assembly, defects in which can lead to serious, often lethal diseases.

A laser as mini-scissors: Genetic activity in the entire genome of multicellular fungi analysed at a stroke Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:54 AM PDT With a combination of microscopic laser scissors and modern sequencing methods, biologists have analyzed the activity of genes in the entire genome of certain fungi in one fell swoop. Especially with organisms in the millimeter size range, it is a particular challenge because little cell material is available.

Understanding aging: Stem cell dysfunction links cancer and aging Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:54 AM PDT Aging is a complex biological process whereby the functional capacity of the body diminishes with time, ultimately leading to the death of the individual. However, aging is also associated with the onset of many diseases, including cancer, which is often called a "disease of aging". While aging has major effects on the individual, it also represents a significant burden on society as a major healthcare cost. Therefore, it is of chief importance to understand the normal process of aging to help improve not only the lifespan of individuals, but also their healthspan; in other words, to enable people to live longer, healthier lives.

Tobacco contains highly toxic compounds not regulated by law, Spanish researchers find Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:54 AM PDT Researchers have analyzed ten brands of cigarettes and found that the concentrations of certain harmful and carcinogenic substances vary significantly from one brand to another. Until now legislation has not covered these compounds and only establishes limits for nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide. Scientists have also developed catalysts to reduce the harmful products in tobacco.

Quantum physics: First images of Landau levels revealed Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:54 AM PDT Physicists have directly imaged Landau Levels – the quantum levels that determine electron behavior in a strong magnetic field – for the first time since they were theoretically conceived of by Nobel prize winner Lev Landau in 1930.

Researchers halt autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis in mice Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:50 AM PDT Working with mice, researchers say they have developed a gene-based therapy to stop the rodent equivalent of the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis by specifically targeting the destructive immune response the disorder triggers in the body.

Nothing to sneeze at: Scientists find cheating ragweed behaves better with its kin Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:50 AM PDT Cheating. Conflict. Competition. It may sound like a soap opera but this is the complex life of the despised ragweed plant. And in the highly competitive fight for nutrients, researchers have found ragweed will behave altruistically with its siblings, investing precious resources for the benefit of the group.

Dance Dance Revolution makes a difference in kids' physical activity levels Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:50 AM PDT A new study offers positive news for Wii-loving teenagers and their parents: games such as Wii Sports and Dance Dance Revolution can bring them closer to recommended physical activity levels.

Eliminating visual clutter helps people with mild cognitive impairment Posted: 01 Oct 2012 06:50 AM PDT A new study suggests that memory impairments for people diagnosed with early stage Alzheimer's disease may be due, in part, to problems in determining the differences between similar objects. The findings also support growing research indicating that a part of the brain once believed to support memory exclusively -- the medial temporal lobe -- also plays a role in object perception.

Should aspirin be used to help prevent cancer? Posted: 01 Oct 2012 05:43 AM PDT Aspirin, the everyday drug taken by countless people around the world to ward off pain and reduce their risk of developing heart disease, may have a new trick up its sleeve –- preventing cancer.

Serious child abuse injuries creep up, study shows Posted: 01 Oct 2012 05:43 AM PDT Cases of serious physical abuse in children, such as head injuries, burns, and fractures, increased slightly by about 5 percent in the last 12 years, new research shows. This is in sharp contrast to data from child protective services agencies, which show a 55 percent decrease in physical abuse cases from 1997 to 2009.

First large scale trial of whole-genome cancer testing for clinical decision-making reported Posted: 01 Oct 2012 05:41 AM PDT For the first time, researchers have conducted a large trial in which they tested the entire genome of individual breast cancers to help personalize treatment.

Overweight teens get mental health boost from even small amounts of exercise Posted: 01 Oct 2012 05:41 AM PDT Even with minimal moderate exercise, teens self-report improvements in perceived scholastic competence, social competence, and several markers of body image including appearance esteem and weight esteem.

Rehabilitation robots uncover stroke disabilities and improve care Posted: 01 Oct 2012 05:41 AM PDT Scientists have added a robot to help identify and customize post-stroke therapy.

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