ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Genetics defines a distinct liver disease
• First 2000-year-long temperature reconstructions for individual continents
• Two days of staging as effective as four for high altitude climbs
• Sniffing out solutions for millions of Americans with smell loss
• Study upends model of how dividing cells monitor distribution of chromosomes
• Hundreds of potential drug targets to starve cancer tumors identified
• Stem cell transplant restores memory, learning in mice
• Low-dose aspirin stymies proliferation of two breast cancer lines
• Commonly used drug can limit radiation damage to lungs and heart for cancer patients
• Intensity modulated radiotherapy reduces side effects in patients with early breast cancer
• Middle-schoolers discover novel chemical bond
• Landmark studies report on success of using image-guided brachytherapy to treat cervical cancer

Genetics defines a distinct liver disease Posted: 21 Apr 2013 12:24 PM PDT A large-scale genetic study has defined the relationship between primary sclerosing cholangitis and other autoimmune diseases.

First 2000-year-long temperature reconstructions for individual continents Posted: 21 Apr 2013 12:24 PM PDT Past climate change varied remarkably between regions. This is demonstrated in a new study coordinated by the international Past Global Changes (PAGES) project, which reconstructed temperature over the past 1000 to 2000 years.

Two days of staging as effective as four for high altitude climbs Posted: 21 Apr 2013 12:16 PM PDT Conventional knowledge suggests that to avoid acute mountain sickness (AMS), climbers need to "stage," or set up camp, at a lower altitude for four days when summiting peaks as high as 4300 meters. Scientists have found that two days of staging at a moderate altitude may be enough.

Sniffing out solutions for millions of Americans with smell loss Posted: 21 Apr 2013 12:16 PM PDT Snot. It's not something most of us spend a lot of time thinking about, but, for a team of researchers in Washington, D.C., it's front and center. The team's lead researcher will present his newest study, focused on the molecules involved in cell signaling in nasal mucus, with the hope that other researchers present also will take the mission seriously, build upon his findings and come up with new therapies for patients, like his, struggling with smell loss.

Study upends model of how dividing cells monitor distribution of chromosomes Posted: 21 Apr 2013 12:16 PM PDT A recent study upends the model for how dividing cells monitor the equal distribution of their chromosomes —- a process that often runs awry in cancer. By targeting Aurora B kinase, their discovery has overturned the prevailing model of advanced cell division.

Hundreds of potential drug targets to starve cancer tumors identified Posted: 21 Apr 2013 12:16 PM PDT A massive study analyzing gene expression data from 22 tumor types has identified multiple metabolic expression changes associated with cancer, as well as hundreds of potential drug targets that could cut off a tumor's fuel supply or interfere with its ability to synthesize essential building blocks.

Stem cell transplant restores memory, learning in mice Posted: 21 Apr 2013 12:16 PM PDT For the first time, human embryonic stem cells have been transformed into nerve cells that helped mice regain the ability to learn and remember.

Low-dose aspirin stymies proliferation of two breast cancer lines Posted: 21 Apr 2013 12:16 PM PDT Regular use of low-dose aspirin may prevent the progression of breast cancer, according to a new study.

Commonly used drug can limit radiation damage to lungs and heart for cancer patients Posted: 21 Apr 2013 04:45 AM PDT Unavoidable damage caused to the heart and lungs by radiotherapy treatment of tumors in the chest region can be limited by the administration of an ACE inhibitor, a drug commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, a group of Dutch researchers have found.

Intensity modulated radiotherapy reduces side effects in patients with early breast cancer Posted: 21 Apr 2013 04:45 AM PDT Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) gives better results than standard radiotherapy in patients with early breast cancer, according to results from a randomized trial. IMRT is an advanced, high-precision form of radiotherapy that can deliver an even dose of radiation, thus reducing the cosmetic problems that can often occur after breast radiotherapy.

Middle-schoolers discover novel chemical bond Posted: 21 Apr 2013 04:44 AM PDT Middle-school students from rural Maine discovered a novel chemical bond found in animal tissues.

Landmark studies report on success of using image-guided brachytherapy to treat cervical cancer Posted: 20 Apr 2013 08:06 AM PDT Two large, landmark radiotherapy studies have shown that it is possible to treat cervical cancer effectively with high doses specifically adapted to each tumour, and with fewer serious side-effects to the surrounding normal organs.

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