ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Surprising variation among genomes of individual neurons from same brain
• Aerobic exercise benefits memory in persons with MS
• New model for organ repair
• Study explains how a job-market system lands couples in the same city
• Designing an acoustic diode: Novel design for brighter, clearer ultrasound images and improve diagnosis and therapy
• Treating gum disease by bringing needed immune cells to inflamed tissue
• Simulation, team training improves performance, patient safety
• Sugar intake not directly related to liver disease
• Double-pronged attack could treat common children's cancer
• Rising temperatures challenge Salt Lake City's water supply
• Norwegian Vikings purchased silk from Persia
• Automatic location of fishing gear
• Can an oil bath solve the mysteries of the quantum world?
• New methods improve quagga and zebra mussel identification
• Leading cause of heart disease ignored in North America's poorest communities
• Racism linked with gun ownership and opposition to gun control in white Americans
• 'Immune fingerprints' may help diagnose bacterial infections, guide treatment
• Pregnant women who snore at higher risk for c-sections, delivering smaller babies
• Scientists develop candidate vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus
• Women under 60 with diabetes at much greater risk for heart disease
• Direct link established between stimulus-response learning, substance abuse
• Increasing rate of knee replacements linked to obesity among young
• Scientists discover why newborns get sick so often
• Cellular tail length tells human disease tale
• Study offers new theory of cancer development
• The visual brain colors black and white images
• How protein suicide assure healthy cell structures
• Long-term use of prescription painkillers increases risk of depression
• Hepatitis C treatments not being used for more than half of patients
• Residents weigh global benefits, local risks in views of climate change measures
• Neuroscientists determine how treatment for anxiety disorders silences fear neurons
• Brain researchers discover how retinal neurons claim best connections
• Scientists modify Botox for the treatment of pain

Surprising variation among genomes of individual neurons from same brain Posted: 01 Nov 2013 02:23 PM PDT It was once thought that each cell in a person's body possesses the same DNA code and that the particular way the genome is read imparts cell function and defines the individual. For many cell types in our bodies, however, that is an oversimplification. Studies of neuronal genomes published in the past decade have turned up extra or missing chromosomes, or pieces of DNA that can copy and paste themselves throughout the genomes.

Aerobic exercise benefits memory in persons with MS Posted: 01 Nov 2013 09:55 AM PDT A research study provides the first evidence for beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on brain and memory in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

New model for organ repair Posted: 01 Nov 2013 09:55 AM PDT Researchers have a new model for how the kidney repairs itself, a model that adds to a growing body of evidence that mature cells are far more plastic than had previously been imagined.

Study explains how a job-market system lands couples in the same city Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT A new study in the growing "market design" field of economics explains how a job-market algorithm helps land couples in the same locations.

Designing an acoustic diode: Novel design for brighter, clearer ultrasound images and improve diagnosis and therapy Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT Most people know about ultrasound through its role in prenatal imaging: those grainy, grey outlines of junior constructed from reflected sound waves. A new technology called an "acoustic diode" may dramatically improve future ultrasound images by changing the way sound waves are transmitted.

Treating gum disease by bringing needed immune cells to inflamed tissue Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT The red, swollen and painful gums and bone destruction of periodontal disease could be treated by beckoning the right kind of immune system cells to the inflamed tissues, according to a new animal study. Their findings offer a new therapeutic paradigm for a condition that afflicts 78 million people in the US alone.

Simulation, team training improves performance, patient safety Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT A study conducted by an inter-professional team found that simulation-based operating room team training of medical and nursing students resulted in more effective teamwork by improving attitudes, behaviors, interaction and overall performance leading to potential increased patient safety and better clinical outcomes.

Sugar intake not directly related to liver disease Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT Despite current beliefs, sugar intake is not directly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, according to a new study. Rather, high-calorie diets promote the progression of this serious form of liver disease.

Double-pronged attack could treat common children's cancer Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT A dual-pronged strategy using two experimental cancer drugs together could successfully treat a childhood cancer by inhibiting tumor growth and blocking off the escape routes it uses to become resistant to treatment, finds a new study.

Rising temperatures challenge Salt Lake City's water supply Posted: 01 Nov 2013 08:24 AM PDT In an example of the challenges water-strapped Western cities will face in a warming world, new research shows that every degree Fahrenheit of warming in the Salt Lake City region could mean a 1.8 to 6.5 percent drop in the annual flow of streams that provide water to the city.

Norwegian Vikings purchased silk from Persia Posted: 01 Nov 2013 06:17 AM PDT The Norwegian Vikings were more oriented towards the East than we have previously assumed, according to new research. After four years of in-depth investigation of the silk trade of the Viking Age, archeologists may change our perceptions of the history of the Norwegian Vikings. The silk trade was far more comprehensive than was previously assumed.

Automatic location of fishing gear Posted: 01 Nov 2013 06:17 AM PDT In the grey light of morning and squally weather a fishing boat stops its engine. The fisherman knows he is outside the baseline and has to notify the Coastguard before setting his nets. He phones the office in Sortland and states his GPS coordinates in order to avoid collision with other boats' fishing gear.

Can an oil bath solve the mysteries of the quantum world? Posted: 31 Oct 2013 05:34 PM PDT For the past eight years, two French researchers have been bouncing droplets around a vibrating oil bath and observing their unique behavior. What sounds like a high-school experiment has in fact provided the first ever evidence that the strange features of the quantum world can be reproduced on a macroscopic scale.

New methods improve quagga and zebra mussel identification Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:56 PM PDT The earliest possible detection of quagga and zebra mussels has long been a goal of biologists seeking to discover their presence in water bodies. A new sampling method improves the accuracy of quagga and zebra mussel detection while still at the microscopic larval stage.

Leading cause of heart disease ignored in North America's poorest communities Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:55 PM PDT A leading cause of heart disease remains overlooked in North America's most impoverished communities, researchers assert. Chagas disease has rendered a heavy health and economic toll, yet insufficient political and medical support for gathering specific data, providing diagnosis and treatment, and developing new tools has impeded much-needed breakthroughs.

Racism linked with gun ownership and opposition to gun control in white Americans Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:54 PM PDT A new study has found that higher levels of racism in white Americans is associated with having a gun in the home and greater opposition to gun control policies.

'Immune fingerprints' may help diagnose bacterial infections, guide treatment Posted: 31 Oct 2013 02:54 PM PDT Bacterial infections in dialysis patients leave an "immune fingerprint" that can be used to improve diagnosis and to guide treatment. Routine monitoring of these complex immune fingerprints could benefit patients with different types of infections.

Pregnant women who snore at higher risk for c-sections, delivering smaller babies Posted: 31 Oct 2013 12:34 PM PDT Snoring during pregnancy may be more than a nuisance -- mothers who snored three or more nights a week had a higher risk of poor delivery outcomes.

Scientists develop candidate vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus Posted: 31 Oct 2013 11:27 AM PDT An experimental vaccine to protect against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of illness and hospitalization among very young children, elicited high levels of RSV-specific antibodies when tested in animals.

Women under 60 with diabetes at much greater risk for heart disease Posted: 31 Oct 2013 11:06 AM PDT Results of a study found that young and middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes are at much greater risk of coronary artery disease than previously believed.

Direct link established between stimulus-response learning, substance abuse Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:53 AM PDT A neuroscientist has found that the region of the brain involved in stimulus-response learning is directly linked to the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. More specifically, she discovered that people who resorted to stimulus-response learning smoked more, had double the consumption of alcohol and were more likely to use cannabis.

Increasing rate of knee replacements linked to obesity among young Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:52 AM PDT Contrary to popular myth, it is not the aging Baby Boomer or weekend warrior that is causing the unprecedented increase in knee replacement surgeries. Data gathered by more than 125 orthopedic surgeons from 22 states across the US show a more mundane culprit: rising rates of obesity among those under the age of 65.

Scientists discover why newborns get sick so often Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:52 AM PDT If you think cold and flu season is tough, trying being an infant. A new research finding sheds light on why newborns appear to be so prone to getting sick with viruses -- they are born without one of the key proteins needed to protect them.

Cellular tail length tells human disease tale Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:49 AM PDT A molecular biologist's adventures in pond scum have led her and four student researchers to discover a mutation that can make cilia, the microscopic antennae on our cells, grow too long. When the antennae aren't the right size, the signals captured by them get misinterpreted. The result can be fatal. They have discovered that the regulatory gene CNK2 is present in cilia and controls the length of these hair-like projections.

Study offers new theory of cancer development Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:49 AM PDT Researchers have devised a way to understand patterns of aneuploidy -- an abnormal number of chromosomes -- in tumors and predict which genes in the affected chromosomes are likely to be cancer suppressors or promoters. They propose that aneuploidy is a driver of cancer rather than a result of it.

The visual brain colors black and white images Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:48 AM PDT The perception and processing of color has fascinated neuroscientists for a long time, as our brain influences our perception of it to such a degree that colors could be called an illusion. One mystery was: What happens in the brain when we look at black-and-white photographs? Do our brains fill in the colors?

How protein suicide assure healthy cell structures Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:48 AM PDT Centrioles are tiny structures in the cell that play an important role in cell division and in the assembly of cilia and flagella. Changes in the number of centrioles are involved in diseases, such as cancer or infertility. The manipulation of these structures is being discussed for diagnosis and therapeutics.

Long-term use of prescription painkillers increases risk of depression Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:47 AM PDT The study has discovered a link between chronic use of pain-relieving medication and increase in the risk of developing major depression.

Hepatitis C treatments not being used for more than half of patients Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT More than half of chronic hepatitis C patients studied in a new research project were not treated for the potentially fatal disease, either because they couldn't withstand current therapies or because they, or their doctors, were waiting for new treatments.

Residents weigh global benefits, local risks in views of climate change measures Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT A survey of Indiana residents tracks public acceptance of potential measures to address climate change in their communities.

Neuroscientists determine how treatment for anxiety disorders silences fear neurons Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT Neuroscientists report that exposure therapy, a common treatment for anxiety disorders, remodels an inhibitory junction in the mouse brain. The findings improve the understanding of how exposure therapy suppresses fear responses and may aid in the development of more effective treatments for anxiety disorders.

Brain researchers discover how retinal neurons claim best connections Posted: 31 Oct 2013 09:46 AM PDT Scientists have discovered how retinal neurons claim prime real estate in the brain by controlling the abundance of a protein called aggrecan. The discovery could shed light on how to repair the injured brain.

Scientists modify Botox for the treatment of pain Posted: 31 Oct 2013 07:33 AM PDT Scientists have manufactured a new bio-therapeutic molecule that could be used to treat neurological disorders such as chronic pain and epilepsy.

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