ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Researchers strike gold with nanotech vaccine
• One in five students in Grades 7-12 say they have had a traumatic brain injury in their lifetime
• Memory improves for older adults using computerized brain-fitness program
• Overweight causes heart failure: Large study with new method clarifies the association
• Language intervention levels playing field for English language learners
• Hiding in plain sight: New species of bird discovered in Cambodia's capitol Phnom Penh
• Flu shot effective regardless of circulating flu strain, research finds
• Vietnam vets with PTSD more than twice as likely to have heart disease
• Heart failure survivors at greater risk for cancer, study shows
• Turn up the volume? A better way to broadcast over the noise
• Students' device aims to avert repeated breast cancer surgeries
• Researchers identify novel therapy to treat muscular dystrophy
• Gene mutation may have effect on benefit of aspirin use for colorectal cancer
• Research IDs potential treatment for deadly, HIV-related blood cancer
• Study details cancer-promoting mechanisms of overlooked components in secondhand smoke
• 'Active surveillance' may miss aggressive prostate cancers in black men
• Antibiotic shows analgesic action following surgery
• Primary care doctors prefer NSAIDS for chronic pain treatment
• Negative physician attitudes about opioid pain meds linked with lower prescribing
• Laser guided codes advance single pixel terahertz imaging
• Symptoms of Prader-Willi syndrome associated with interference in circadian, metabolic genes
• Autism in children affects not only social abilities, but also a broad range of sensory and motor skills
• Solar cell record: Conversion-efficiency record for a two-junction solar cell measured under one-sun illumination
• Dramatic increase in hospitalization of US children with inflammatory bowel disease
• Human and canine lymphomas share molecular similarities, first large-scale comparison shows
• Blind(fold)ed by science: Study shows the strategy humans use to chase objects
• Preventing skin cancer in children begins with the right sunscreen
• Kids' reading success boosted by long-term individualized instruction
• High-octane bacteria could ease pain at the pump: Engineered E. coli mass-produce key precursor to potent biofuel
• New laser shows what substances are made of; could be new eyes for military
• Spatial training boosts math skills
• Averting worse economic collapses
• Video game tech used to steer cockroaches on autopilot
• How reliable are microchips for horse identification?
• Efficient production process for coveted nanocrystals
• Past brain activation revealed in scans: Brain activity patterns preserve traces of previous cognitive activity
• Problem-solving governs how we process sensory stimuli
• Using serial neuroimaging studies to identify timing of abusive head trauma in infants
• Children with ADHD more likely to be moderately disabled after mild traumatic brain injury
• Varied quality of CPR among EMS, hospitals hurts survival
• First-ever therapeutic offers hope for improving blood transfusions
• Protein that contributes to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's identified
• Clearing up confusion on future of Colorado River flows
• New screening approach quickly identifies small proteins unique to melanoma cells
• Ten thousandth near-Earth object discovered in space
• From tiny to massive: Mammal size evolution explained
• New study on popular prostate cancer protein provides insight into disease progression
• Feeling stressed? Oxytocin could help you reach out to others for support
• Molecule considered to be a breast cancer indicator also has a protective function
• Vitamin D improves mood and blood pressure in women with diabetes
• Weight loss's effect on heart disease risks
• Breastfeeding boosts ability to climb social ladder
• New palm-sized microarray technique grows 1,200 individual cultures of microbes
• Exercise benefits patients with type 2 diabetes
• New theory: Emotions arise through the integration of perceptual and cognitive information
• A slimy marine organism fit for biofuel and salmon feed
• Hunger affects decision-making and perception of risk
• Gold probes may offer valuable insight into cancer
• New kind of signalling mechanism in plant cells discovered
• Programming model for supercomputers of the future

Researchers strike gold with nanotech vaccine Posted: 25 Jun 2013 04:25 PM PDT Scientists have developed a novel vaccination method that uses tiny gold particles to mimic a virus and carry specific proteins to the body's specialist immune cells. The technique differs from the traditional approach of using dead or inactive viruses as a vaccine and was demonstrated in the lab using a specific protein that sits on the surface of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

One in five students in Grades 7-12 say they have had a traumatic brain injury in their lifetime Posted: 25 Jun 2013 02:23 PM PDT One in five adolescents surveyed in Ontario said they have suffered a traumatic brain injury that left them unconscious for five minutes or required them to be hospitalized overnight, a statistic researchers say is much higher than previously thought.

Memory improves for older adults using computerized brain-fitness program Posted: 25 Jun 2013 02:23 PM PDT Researchers have found that older adults who regularly used a brain-fitness program on a computer demonstrated significantly improved memory and language skills.

Overweight causes heart failure: Large study with new method clarifies the association Posted: 25 Jun 2013 02:22 PM PDT Scientists have used a new method to investigate obesity and overweight as a cause of cardiovascular disease. Strong association have been found previously, but it has not been clear whether it was overweight as such that was the cause, or if the overweight was just a marker of another underlying cause, as clinical trials with long-term follow-ups are difficult to implement.

Language intervention levels playing field for English language learners Posted: 25 Jun 2013 02:22 PM PDT A new approach to teaching pre-kindergarten could take a bite out of the achievement gap and level the playing field for America's growing population of English language learners, according to a recent study.

Hiding in plain sight: New species of bird discovered in Cambodia's capitol Phnom Penh Posted: 25 Jun 2013 02:22 PM PDT A team of scientists with the Wildlife Conservation Society, BirdLife International, and other groups have discovered a new species of bird with distinct plumage and a loud call living not in some remote jungle, but in a capital city of 1.5 million people.

Flu shot effective regardless of circulating flu strain, research finds Posted: 25 Jun 2013 01:22 PM PDT New research has found that despite popular belief, the flu shot is effective in preventing the flu, even if the virus going around does not match the vaccine.

Vietnam vets with PTSD more than twice as likely to have heart disease Posted: 25 Jun 2013 01:22 PM PDT Male twin Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were more than twice as likely as those without PTSD to develop heart disease during a 13-year period, according to a new study.

Heart failure survivors at greater risk for cancer, study shows Posted: 25 Jun 2013 01:22 PM PDT Heart failure patients are surviving more often with the heart condition but they are increasingly more likely to be diagnosed with cancer, a trend that could be attributed to increased surveillance, side effects of treatments, or other causes, according to a new study.

Turn up the volume? A better way to broadcast over the noise Posted: 25 Jun 2013 01:20 PM PDT Loud, distorted and repetitive announcements are common in noisy public spaces like airports and train stations. But researchers in Sweden have found that voice manipulation works better than turning up the volume.

Students' device aims to avert repeated breast cancer surgeries Posted: 25 Jun 2013 01:19 PM PDT Johns Hopkins graduate students, aiming to make many second breast cancer surgeries unnecessary, have designed a device to make pathology exams possible while the patient is still in the operating room for her first lumpectomy.

Researchers identify novel therapy to treat muscular dystrophy Posted: 25 Jun 2013 01:18 PM PDT Researchers have identified a combinatorial therapeutic approach that has proven effective in treating muscular dystrophy in a mouse model.

Gene mutation may have effect on benefit of aspirin use for colorectal cancer Posted: 25 Jun 2013 01:18 PM PDT In two large studies, the association between aspirin use and risk of colorectal cancer was affected by mutation of the gene BRAF, with regular aspirin use associated with a lower risk of BRAF-wild-type colorectal cancer but not with risk of BRAF-mutated cancer, findings that suggest that BRAF-mutant colon tumor cells may be less sensitive to the effect of aspirin, according to a new study.

Research IDs potential treatment for deadly, HIV-related blood cancer Posted: 25 Jun 2013 12:09 PM PDT Researchers have discovered a promising new way to treat a rare and aggressive blood cancer most commonly found in people infected with HIV.

Study details cancer-promoting mechanisms of overlooked components in secondhand smoke Posted: 25 Jun 2013 12:09 PM PDT A new study shows that overlooked components of secondhand smoke may help the more well known molecules like BaP cause and promote cancer.

'Active surveillance' may miss aggressive prostate cancers in black men Posted: 25 Jun 2013 12:07 PM PDT A new study of more than 1,800 men ages 52 to 62 suggests that African-Americans diagnosed with very-low-risk prostate cancers are much more likely than white men to actually have aggressive disease that goes unrecognized with current diagnostic approaches. Although prior studies have found it safe to delay treatment and monitor some presumably slow-growing or low-risk prostate cancers, such "active surveillance" (AS) does not appear to be a good idea for black men, the study concludes.

Antibiotic shows analgesic action following surgery Posted: 25 Jun 2013 12:07 PM PDT A single dose of the antibiotic ceftriaxone given for antimicrobial prophylaxis prior to surgery enhanced patient pain thresholds after the procedure, according to a new study.

Primary care doctors prefer NSAIDS for chronic pain treatment Posted: 25 Jun 2013 12:07 PM PDT For treating the estimated 100 million Americans with chronic pain -- a population larger than those with heart disease, cancer and diabetes combined -- research reported shows that primary care physicians overwhelmingly prefer to prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS), in accordance with published clinical practice guidelines.

Negative physician attitudes about opioid pain meds linked with lower prescribing Posted: 25 Jun 2013 12:07 PM PDT According to a study of physicians' attitudes about pain drugs, negative physician attitudes about opioid medications are closely associated with lower rates of prescribing and more favorable attitudes are linked with higher prescribing levels.

Laser guided codes advance single pixel terahertz imaging Posted: 25 Jun 2013 11:12 AM PDT By using a laser beam to send a detailed set of instructions that create a coded aperture, researchers have enabled a new method that may help tame terahertz waves in order to create new imaging technology.

Symptoms of Prader-Willi syndrome associated with interference in circadian, metabolic genes Posted: 25 Jun 2013 11:12 AM PDT Researchers have found that Prader-Willi syndrome -- a genetic disorder best known for causing an insatiable appetite that can lead to morbid obesity -- is associated with the loss of non-coding RNAs, resulting in the dysregulation of circadian and metabolic genes, accelerated energy expenditure and metabolic differences during sleep.

Autism in children affects not only social abilities, but also a broad range of sensory and motor skills Posted: 25 Jun 2013 11:12 AM PDT Scientists are shedding a new light on the effects of autism on the brain. Researchers have identified that connectivity between the thalamus, a deep brain structure crucial for sensory and motor functions, and the cerebral cortex, the brain's outer layer, is impaired in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Solar cell record: Conversion-efficiency record for a two-junction solar cell measured under one-sun illumination Posted: 25 Jun 2013 11:12 AM PDT Scientists have announced a world record of 31.1 percent conversion efficiency for a two-junction solar cell under one sun of illumination.

Dramatic increase in hospitalization of US children with inflammatory bowel disease Posted: 25 Jun 2013 11:12 AM PDT The largest investigation to date has found a dramatic increase in hospitalizations for children with inflammatory bowel disease during the past decade in the US. The study found a 65 percent increase in IBD hospital discharges from 2000 - 2009.

Human and canine lymphomas share molecular similarities, first large-scale comparison shows Posted: 25 Jun 2013 11:09 AM PDT Humans and their pet dogs are close, so close that they both develop a type of cancer called diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In humans it's the most common lymphoma subtype while in dogs, it's one of the most common cancers in veterinary oncology.

Blind(fold)ed by science: Study shows the strategy humans use to chase objects Posted: 25 Jun 2013 11:09 AM PDT A study found that people who are blindfolded employ the same strategy to intercept a running ball carrier as people who can see, which suggests that multiple areas of the brain cooperate to accomplish the task.

Preventing skin cancer in children begins with the right sunscreen Posted: 25 Jun 2013 11:09 AM PDT While most parents are aware that applying sunscreen to their children is important, many go wrong by not taking the time to choose the most effective sunscreen, or they don't understand the limitations of sunscreen.

Kids' reading success boosted by long-term individualized instruction Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:13 AM PDT Students who consistently receive individualized reading instruction from first through third grade become better readers than those who don't, according to new research.

High-octane bacteria could ease pain at the pump: Engineered E. coli mass-produce key precursor to potent biofuel Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:13 AM PDT Potent gasoline-like biofuels are needed to fuel millions of cars with internal combustion engines, and current biofuels don't pack the necessary power. Now scientists have programmed bacteria to tailor-make key precursors of high-octane biofuels that could one day replace gasoline.

New laser shows what substances are made of; could be new eyes for military Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:12 AM PDT A new laser that can show what objects are made of could help military aircraft identify hidden dangers such as weapons arsenals far below.

Spatial training boosts math skills Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:12 AM PDT Training young children in spatial reasoning can improve their math performance, according to a groundbreaking study.

Averting worse economic collapses Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:12 AM PDT By managing macro-economic parameters, scientists believe that -- unlike previously thought -- it is possible to steer an economy around irreversible changes in its complex dynamics and avert potential economic disasters.

Video game tech used to steer cockroaches on autopilot Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:12 AM PDT Researchers are using video game technology to remotely control cockroaches on autopilot, with a computer steering the cockroach through a controlled environment. The researchers are using the technology to track how roaches respond to the remote control, with the goal of developing ways that roaches on autopilot can be used to map dynamic environments -- such as collapsed buildings.

How reliable are microchips for horse identification? Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:12 AM PDT Until recently, horses were generally branded to be able to identify individual animals. Since this practice gives rise to longstanding wounds and brand marks cannot be reliably read, there has been a gradual switch towards the use of microchips. But how reliably can microchips be located and read, and are the horses injured by having chips implanted?

Efficient production process for coveted nanocrystals Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:11 AM PDT A formation mechanism of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide (CeO2), a versatile nanomaterial, has been unveiled. This finding potentially simplifies and alleviates the existing synthetic processes of nanocrystalline CeO2 production.

Past brain activation revealed in scans: Brain activity patterns preserve traces of previous cognitive activity Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:11 AM PDT What if experts could dig into the brain, like archaeologists, and uncover the history of past experiences? This ability might reveal what makes each of us a unique individual, and it could enable the objective diagnosis of a wide range of neuropsychological diseases. New research hints that such a scenario is within the realm of possibility: It shows that spontaneous waves of neuronal activity in the brain bear the imprints of earlier events for at least 24 hours after the experience has taken place.

Problem-solving governs how we process sensory stimuli Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:11 AM PDT Various areas of the brain process our sensory experiences. How the areas of the cerebral cortex communicate with each other and process sensory information has long puzzled neuroscientists. Exploring the sense of touch in mice, brain researchers now demonstrate that the transmission of sensory information from one cortical area to connected areas depends on the specific task to solve and the goal-directed behavior. These findings can serve as a basis for an improved understanding of cognitive disorders.

Using serial neuroimaging studies to identify timing of abusive head trauma in infants Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:11 AM PDT Researchers have categorized the appearance and evolution of abnormalities on neuroimages that represent abusive head trauma (AHT) in infants. Descriptions of these abnormalities are important for narrowing down the timing of AHT, which can aid police in identifying and excluding potential perpetrators. Appearances of various abusive traumatic injuries on cranial CT scans and MRIs at different time points are described and discussed.

Children with ADHD more likely to be moderately disabled after mild traumatic brain injury Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:11 AM PDT Researchers have found that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are more likely to demonstrate a moderate disability after sustaining a mild traumatic brain injury than children without ADHD.

Varied quality of CPR among EMS, hospitals hurts survival Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:10 AM PDT The quality of CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) you receive may vary, depending on the EMS department or hospital administering it, according to new research.

First-ever therapeutic offers hope for improving blood transfusions Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:09 AM PDT Researchers from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine have developed an unprecedented approach to restore nitric oxide (NO) to donated blood, a breakthrough that could dramatically reduce harmful effects from transfusions.

Protein that contributes to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's identified Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:09 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated that a protein called caspase-2 is a key regulator of a signaling pathway that leads to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. The findings, made in a mouse model of Alzheimer's, suggest that inhibiting this protein could prevent the neuronal damage and subsequent cognitive decline associated with the disease.

Clearing up confusion on future of Colorado River flows Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:09 AM PDT Leading experts on water issues in the Western U.S. have come together to establish what is known about the future of Colorado River water, and to understand the wide range of estimates for future flows.

New screening approach quickly identifies small proteins unique to melanoma cells Posted: 25 Jun 2013 09:09 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new streamlined method to rapidly identify the genetic changes in small protein fragments unique to melanoma cancer cells. These fragments can be used as targets for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes that have been shown to reduce cancerous lesions.

Ten thousandth near-Earth object discovered in space Posted: 25 Jun 2013 08:21 AM PDT More than 10,000 asteroids and comets that can pass near Earth have now been discovered. The 10,000th near-Earth object, asteroid 2013 MZ5, was first detected on the night of June 18, 2013, by the Pan-STARRS-1 telescope, located on the 10,000-foot (convert) summit of the Haleakala crater on Maui.

From tiny to massive: Mammal size evolution explained Posted: 25 Jun 2013 06:20 AM PDT Scientists have added another piece to the evolutionary puzzle to explain why certain mammal families evolved to be very large, while others remained tiny.

New study on popular prostate cancer protein provides insight into disease progression Posted: 25 Jun 2013 06:20 AM PDT Researchers have uncovered for the first time the vital role a popular protein plays in the stroma, the cell-lined area outside of a prostate tumor.

Feeling stressed? Oxytocin could help you reach out to others for support Posted: 25 Jun 2013 06:20 AM PDT Scientists have shown that reaching out to other people during a stressful event is an effective way to improve your mood, and researchers suggest that the hormone oxytocin may help you accomplish just that.

Molecule considered to be a breast cancer indicator also has a protective function Posted: 25 Jun 2013 06:18 AM PDT One of the main indicators for determining the activity of a tumor or cancer is cell division. Cancer cells divide more than other types and the genes and molecules involved in the process of division are, often, targets for identifying and treating certain types of cancer. Researchers have now revealed that one of these molecules (PLK1 kinase), up to now thought to be related to cancer, can also be crucial for the proper functioning of the cell.

Vitamin D improves mood and blood pressure in women with diabetes Posted: 25 Jun 2013 06:18 AM PDT In women who have type 2 diabetes and show signs of depression, vitamin D supplements significantly lowered blood pressure and improved their moods. Vitamin D even helped the women lose a few pounds.

Weight loss's effect on heart disease risks Posted: 25 Jun 2013 04:42 AM PDT A landmark study investigating the long-term effects of weight loss on the risks of cardiovascular disease among patients with Type 2 diabetes has now concluded, with significant results.

Breastfeeding boosts ability to climb social ladder Posted: 25 Jun 2013 04:42 AM PDT Breastfeeding not only boosts children's chances of climbing the social ladder, but it also reduces the chances of downwards mobility, suggests a large study.

New palm-sized microarray technique grows 1,200 individual cultures of microbes Posted: 25 Jun 2013 04:41 AM PDT A new palm-sized microarray that holds 1,200 individual cultures of fungi or bacteria could enable faster, more efficient drug discovery, according to a new study.

Exercise benefits patients with type 2 diabetes Posted: 25 Jun 2013 04:41 AM PDT Moderate-intensity exercise reduces fat stored around the heart, in the liver and in the abdomen of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, even in the absence of any changes in diet, according to a new study.

New theory: Emotions arise through the integration of perceptual and cognitive information Posted: 25 Jun 2013 04:38 AM PDT A life without feelings -- unimaginable. Although emotions are so important, philosophers are still discussing what they actually are. According to a new theory, emotions are not just special cases of perception or thought but a separate kind of mental state which arises through the integration of feelings of bodily processes and cognitive contents.

A slimy marine organism fit for biofuel and salmon feed Posted: 25 Jun 2013 04:38 AM PDT It sounds too good to be true: a common marine species that consumes microorganisms and can be converted into much-needed feed for salmon or a combustible biofuel for filling petrol tanks. And it can be cultivated in vast amounts: 200 kg per square metre of ocean surface area.

Hunger affects decision-making and perception of risk Posted: 25 Jun 2013 04:38 AM PDT Hungry people are often difficult to deal with. A good meal can affect more than our mood, it can also influence our willingness to take risks. This phenomenon is also apparent across a very diverse range of species in the animal kingdom. Experiments conducted on the fruit fly, Drosophila, have shown that hunger not only modifies behavior, but also changes pathways in the brain.

Gold probes may offer valuable insight into cancer Posted: 25 Jun 2013 04:37 AM PDT Gold nanoprobes could allow scientists to study cancer cells in minute detail -- using a highly-sensitive imaging technique known as FRET microscopy -- with the aim of identifying tumor-causing properties. The nanoprobes could also be used to measure how effective medicines are, at a sub-cellular level of detail, while another application could be the identification of contaminants in food and water supplies.

New kind of signalling mechanism in plant cells discovered Posted: 25 Jun 2013 04:36 AM PDT Plants possess receptors which are similar to the glutamate receptors in the brain of humans and animals. Biochemists have discovered that these receptors do not, however, recognize the amino acid glutamate, but many other different amino acids.

Programming model for supercomputers of the future Posted: 25 Jun 2013 04:35 AM PDT The demand for even faster, more effective, and also energy-saving computer clusters is growing in every sector. The new asynchronous programming model GPI from Fraunhofer ITWM might become a key building block towards realizing the next generation of supercomputers.

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