ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Portable device provides rapid, accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis, other bacterial infections
• Protein complex may play role in preventing many forms of cancer
• Improving materials that convert heat to electricity and vice-versa: Turning waste heat into electricity
• More hurricanes for Hawaii?
• As climate changes, boreal forests to shift north and relinquish more carbon than expected
• New cost-effective genome assembly process
• Genome sequencing provides unprecedented insight into causes of pneumococcal disease
• Brighter clouds, cooler climate? Organic vapors affect clouds, leading to previously unidentified climate cooling
• Tiny magnets as a model system
• Discovery may help prevent chemotherapy-induced anemia
• Discovery helps show how breast cancer spreads
• Divide and define: Clues to understanding how stem cells produce different kinds of cells
• Global highways of invasive marine species calculated
• Cancer treatment could target inflammation in CVD
• Study adds to evidence that cigarettes are gateway to marijuana
• Camaraderie of sports teams may deter bullying, violence
• Childhood disability rate jumps 16 percent over past decade
• Magnesium may be as important to kids' bone health as calcium
• Epilepsy cured in mice using brain cells
• FDA warning against high dose antidepressant prescription may be unwarranted, study suggests

Portable device provides rapid, accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis, other bacterial infections Posted: 05 May 2013 12:00 PM PDT A handheld diagnostic device first developed to diagnose cancer has been adapted to rapidly diagnose tuberculosis and other important infectious bacteria. Two versions of the portable device combine microfluidic technology with nuclear magnetic resonance to not only diagnose these important infections but also determine the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.

Protein complex may play role in preventing many forms of cancer Posted: 05 May 2013 12:00 PM PDT Researchers have identified a group of proteins that are mutated in about one-fifth of all human cancers. The finding suggests that the proteins, which are members of a protein complex that affects how DNA is packaged in cells, work to suppress the development of tumors in many types of tissues.

Improving materials that convert heat to electricity and vice-versa: Turning waste heat into electricity Posted: 05 May 2013 11:59 AM PDT Thermoelectric materials can be used to turn waste heat into electricity or to provide refrigeration without any liquid coolants, and new study has found a way to nearly double the efficiency of a particular class of them that's made with organic semiconductors.

More hurricanes for Hawaii? Posted: 05 May 2013 11:59 AM PDT Hawaii, fortunately, has been largely free from hurricanes, only two having made landfall in more than 30 years. Now a new study shows that Hawaii could see a two-to-three-fold increase in tropical cyclones by the last quarter of this century.

As climate changes, boreal forests to shift north and relinquish more carbon than expected Posted: 05 May 2013 11:59 AM PDT New research maps how Earth's myriad climates -- and the ecosystems that depend on them -- could move from one area to another as global temperatures rise. The approach foresees big changes for one of the planet's great carbon sponges. Boreal forests will likely shift north at a steady clip this century. Along the way, the vegetation will relinquish more trapped carbon than most current climate models predict.

New cost-effective genome assembly process Posted: 05 May 2013 11:59 AM PDT Genome assembly, the molecular equivalent of trying to put together a multi-million piece jigsaw puzzle without knowing what the picture on the cover of the box is, remains challenging due to the very large number of very small pieces, which must be assembled using current approaches. New research has resulted in an improved and fully automated workflow for genome assembly.

Genome sequencing provides unprecedented insight into causes of pneumococcal disease Posted: 05 May 2013 11:59 AM PDT A new study has, for the first time, used genome sequencing technology to track the changes in a bacterial population following the introduction of a vaccine.

Brighter clouds, cooler climate? Organic vapors affect clouds, leading to previously unidentified climate cooling Posted: 05 May 2013 11:58 AM PDT Scientists have shown that natural emissions and humanmade pollutants can both have an unexpected cooling effect on Earth's climate by making clouds brighter.

Tiny magnets as a model system Posted: 05 May 2013 11:58 AM PDT In the microscopic world, everything is in motion: atoms and molecules vibrate, proteins fold, even glass is a slow flowing liquid. And during each movement there are interactions between the smallest elements – for example, the atoms – and their neighbors. To make these movements visible, scientists have developed a special model system. It is so big that it can be easily observed under an X-ray microscope, and mimics the tiniest movements in Nature. The model: rings made from six nanoscale magnetic rods, whose north and south poles attract each other. At room temperature, the magnetization direction of each of these tiny rods varies spontaneously. Scientists were able to observe the magnetic interactions between these active rods in real time.

Discovery may help prevent chemotherapy-induced anemia Posted: 05 May 2013 11:58 AM PDT Researchers have discovered that chemo induces a type of nerve damage inside bone marrow that can cause delays in recovery after bone marrow transplantation. The findings suggest that combining chemotherapy with nerve-protecting agents may prevent long-term bone marrow injury.

Discovery helps show how breast cancer spreads Posted: 05 May 2013 11:58 AM PDT Researchers have discovered why breast cancer patients with dense breasts are more likely than others to develop aggressive tumors that spread. The finding opens the door to drug treatments that prevent metastasis.

Divide and define: Clues to understanding how stem cells produce different kinds of cells Posted: 05 May 2013 11:58 AM PDT The human body contains trillions of cells, all derived from a single cell, or zygote, made by the fusion of an egg and a sperm. That single cell contains all the genetic information needed to develop into a human, and passes identical copies of that information to each new cell as it divides into the many diverse types of cells that make up a complex organism like a human being.

Global highways of invasive marine species calculated Posted: 05 May 2013 04:37 AM PDT New research has mapped the most detailed forecast to date for importing potentially harmful invasive species with the ballast water of cargo ships.

Cancer treatment could target inflammation in CVD Posted: 05 May 2013 04:37 AM PDT Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs, an established treatment for cancer patients, could offer a novel therapeutic approach to decrease levels of inflammation in the atherosclerotic plaques of patients with cardiovascular disease, new research suggests.

Study adds to evidence that cigarettes are gateway to marijuana Posted: 05 May 2013 04:37 AM PDT Teen smokers who rationalize their use of cigarettes by saying, "At least, I'm not doing drugs," may not always be able to use that line. New research supports the theory that cigarettes are a gateway drug to marijuana.

Camaraderie of sports teams may deter bullying, violence Posted: 05 May 2013 04:37 AM PDT As schools around the country look for ways to reduce violence and bullying, they may want to consider encouraging students to participate in team sports, according to a new study.

Childhood disability rate jumps 16 percent over past decade Posted: 05 May 2013 04:37 AM PDT More children today have a disability than a decade ago, and the greatest increase is among kids in higher-income families, according to a new study.

Magnesium may be as important to kids' bone health as calcium Posted: 05 May 2013 04:37 AM PDT Parents are advised to make sure their children drink milk and eat other calcium-rich foods to build strong bones. Soon, they also may be urged to make sure their kids eat salmon, almonds and other foods high in magnesium -- another nutrient that may play an important role in bone health, according to a new study.

Epilepsy cured in mice using brain cells Posted: 03 May 2013 08:03 PM PDT Epilepsy that does not respond to drugs can be halted in adult mice by transplanting a specific type of cell into the brain, researchers have discovered, raising hope that a similar treatment might work in severe forms of human epilepsy.

FDA warning against high dose antidepressant prescription may be unwarranted, study suggests Posted: 03 May 2013 07:50 AM PDT New research finds no increased risk of abnormal heart rhythms, death despite FDA warning against high-dose citalopram dosages.

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